Digestive Problems

There are many different digestive problems that may seem minor but lead to critical health issues. Some of these digestive problems are more common among women than men. One such digestive problem is acid reflux, known scientifically as gastroesophageal reflux disease or GERD. This condition is characterized by an uncomfortable feeling when the acid from the stomach flows up into esophagus. Acid reflux can also cause inflammation and scarring to the esophagus (Pick, 2008). Acid reflux is often diagnosed when heartburn in the chest occurs frequently.Acid reflux is explained by the alteration of the gradient of pressure between the lower esophageal sphincter and the stomach. With acid reflux, the normal pressure in the stomach that pushes food down the esophagus is altered and the pressure from the stomach below becomes stronger than the pressure from above, causing the acid to rise back up (Pick, 2008). Acid reflux should be a source of concern because it is estimated that the 19 mil lion Americans who suffer from it may not be aware of the risks attendant to the condition.Acid reflux may cause damage and irritation tot he esophagus, due to delayed peristalsis caused by the acid content in the partly digested food that comes back up the esophagus (Resto, 2000). Common plans of care for acid reflux are taking antacids and H2 blockers, which provide relief for patients. Moreover, treatment of acid reflux takes time, and could even last from three months to a lifetime. The treatment goals in acid reflux are to reduce irritation and decrease reflux, and these could be achieved by changing one's lifestyle and diet.Recommended changes include quitting smoking, losing weight, decreasing portion size of food intake, and choosing food that increase pressure in the lower esophageal sphincter, such as decaffeinated coffee and protein-rich food. Finally, acid reflux could be avoided at night by elevating the head of the bed by six inches (Resto, 2000). Aside from taking the pills, the other treatment options are home remedies that are known to be effective in reducing the discomforting symptoms of acid reflux. Another common digestive problem is functional dyspepsia, which is a group of disorders characterized by upper abdominal pain or discomfort.It is not easy to diagnose functional dyspepsia because its symptoms often overlap with those of other bowel disorders. Functional dyspepsia leads to physiological problems such as altered visceral sensation, nervous system dysregulation, psychological distress, and altered motility. Similar to acid reflux, the treatment of dyspepsia includes taking medication, such as antacids and antidepressants, and modification of diet and lifestyle through the avoidance of late evening meals and switching to law fat diet (Saad & Chey, 2006).Neither taking medication or undergoing major changes in lifestyle and diet are conclusively effective in treating functional dyspepsia, because the disorder is basically covered in mystery, given its shared symptoms with other digestive disorders. When I was ten years old, I used to love eating hotdogs, ice cream, pizza, and strawberries. However, as time went on, I lost my appetite for hotdogs, while I still love eating the others. Now, I cannot stand eating hotdogs. Given the way my appetite for food changes, and the changes in my body processes, I do not imagine I would still be eating the same food I love today.In the two examples given above, the development of either acid reflux and functional dyspepsia would dictate dietary and lifestyle changes. Thus, the possibility is not remote that I would be prevented from eating the same kinds of food that I eat today. Another example is the known decrease in metabolic rate, as one grows older. Thus, I know that in the future I would need to eat less quantity of food and eat more fiber because I would have slower metabolism in the future.

Mathematics Is Useful

Mathematics Mathematics is Useful Mathematics can benefit everyone in any kind of way. Mathematics is also a necessity. From balancing a checkbook to a simple game of poker, you are using your math skills everywhere. As a cashier, I use my skills every time I go to work. Even though the machine does tell me what change to give back, and what is the total cost of all the products, I have to use my skills to count out the change.I also use my skills when marking down items, putting in coupons, and how much a bag of fruit or meat weighs. I am currently looking for a new phone for my phone plan I have now, I’m using my math skills to calculate how much my phone will be if I do a trade-in. Some more examples of how math is useful in everyday life are calculating a tip, using a recipe, playing pool, building a deck, and investing for retirement. Mathematics is Important Mathematics is essential for science, engineering, and research.Also mathematic proficiency is required for many j obs nowadays. Doing mathematics teaches patterns of problem-solving and insight that transfer to other knowledge domains. The career I chose is the Accounting field, and as you know, Accountants deal with money. Mathematics and accounting go hand in hand, though not as intertwined as people may believe. The purpose of having a strong mathematical background is to increase an accountant's cognitive ability.Many different accounting activities require the use mathematics or mathematical principles. Conclusion Understanding what math abilities are necessary can help individuals prepare for this business process. Accounting activities are full of basic and advanced calculations. These are often necessary to understand what information needs to go into a company's general ledger. Many calculations require basic math principles. Other times, however, many complex issues may require the use of multiple calculations.It is important to have basic math and algebra skills to complete these tas ks and report accurate financial information. References Chartier, T. (December 2012) Math is Everywhere: Applications of Finite Math Retrieved March 26, 2013 from https://www. udemy. com/math-is-everywhere-applications-of-finite-math/ Hobart D. (2007, February 21) What Is the Real Use of Mathematics In Real Life? Retrieved March 26, 2013 from http://www. blurtit. com/q806258. html

Vikings Art and Culture

The Vikings Art and Culture At first thought of the Vikings, the comic strip â€Å"Hagar the Horrible† comes to mind. As this is probably not a good basis for reference, it still can give slight glimpse, if not a distorted one, of the Viking culture. As for Viking art, a more in depth search must be done, for â€Å"Hagar† was unfortunately not actually made by the Vikings. The Viking culture was a primitive one of agriculture, hunting, and fishing. Families lived on farms together and were a tight knit labor force. During sowing time, the men would all work together from before dawn until after dark to tend to the field, and the women would work on providing the daily necessities, such as food, clothes, and cleaning. The wife would also occasionally help in the fields, and the children would start helping out from a very young age doing their respective duties. There were less than five months of growing season in their northern climate, so the Viking husband of the farm would plant the crops and then look toward the sea. He would head out with his neighbors for a pleasant summer of pillaging in the south. Then, he would return in the fall in time for the harvest. His wife would control all affairs of the household until he returned. If he should not return due to an unfortunate accident, his wife would inherit the land, business, and any other wealth. The eldest son of the family would take over the family farm, and the younger sons would go out to find their own careers as they became of age, possibly Vikings. Family was very important to the Viking people; it was a powerful unit of protection. Much like today, families provided support and assistance, and it was to their family that a person owed their obligation. A close family bond is evident as husbands, wives, and children would erect runes in honor of each other; husbands to their wives, wives to their husbands, and children to their parents. Runes were decorated monuments with inscriptions and verses for their deceased family, much as a tombstone would be now, and were often placed in public places so that they would be seen. They also normally lived as a nucleic family, much like today, with the mother, father, and the children in the household. It was fairly uncommon to have extended family such as grandparents to live with them; most likely, because it was rare to live past the age of forty and most people did not enter the role of grandparent. As much as the Vikings were known as looters and pillagers, they were also formidable merchants. Many of their journeys were commercial and put them in contact with the farthest reaches of the world. Trade became a very important part of their culture. While there are many stereotypes of the Viking people, such as dirty, smelly, illiterate, drunkard savages most are probably misconceptions. While they probably were dirty and smelly after sailing across the sea and maybe did not bathe that often because of the cold weather, one can assume that it was for a purpose rather than just being ignorant. The notion that they were illiterate is wrong; they simply had their own writing system with an alphabet called runic. The letters were mostly made up of vertical and diagonal lines, which made them suitable for carving into wood. As far as the drunkard part, that is most likely the truest stereotype of them all. It is believed that the Vikings were very heavy drinkers. They would drink ale and mead, which is also called honey wine and made from fermented honey. Wine was something that was part of their trade voyages, as grapes did not grow in the cold Scandinavian climate. It is true that the Vikings pillaged many towns and killed many innocent people who came in their path, and while it was terrible, this description is coming from the people who were attacked and showing them in their worst light. In reality, a Viking was only a Viking while at sea, once he returned home there was no more pillaging. It was back to the farm, the family, and normal everyday life. So, were they savages? Yes, to certain people they were, but to others, no. The art of the Vikings was not really art in the sense of the word. There was no art for art sake; it was mostly applied art. Their skills were used to decorate items of daily use. Weapons and ships were intricately decorated, as were drinking vessels, runes, and jewelry. This proved their affinity for showing off their wealth and rank with whatever their possessions were. Most of the art that has survived is made of metal even though most commonly leather, wood, and bone were used. Their art was not naturalistic, but instead abstract. A common theme art was distorted and disfigured animals. Animals were a dominant subject, as they seemed to have an endless devotion to them as a source of inspiration. The gripping beast is one motif that started in the Broa Style; it is a strong, muscular animal that is shown full face with its paws gripping either itself or another nimal. The gripping beast is shown on the Oseberg ship along with two other animal motifs, S-shaped animals with ribbon-like bodies, and semi-naturalistic animals and birds. Being confronted with these images, one could not but be in awe of the energy of the decoration. Many different styles of Viking art have been identified, but no new style can be said to mark the beginning of the Vikin g age in Scandinavia, they grew out of the art styles of earlier centuries, the first being the Broa style, followed by the Borre, then the Jellinge, Mammen, Ringerike, and finally the Urnes. The styles all vary slightly, but still keep with the distorted animal theme. The art of the Viking age influenced many different cultures because of their worldly travels, and they have influenced our culture in a way that we may never comprehend. They have intertwined themselves into the fabric of so many different cultures, that many of us could be part Viking.

Contract Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Contract Law - Essay Example In some cases, it occurs that an individual fraudulently represents themselves to the other party as the owner of goods of another identifiable person. The law on the cases relating to such kind of conducts euphemistically describe them as cases of â€Å"mistaken identity†. However, such a description is often insufficient and unsatisfactory. A considerable number of judges are reported saying that the United Kingdom law is in a â€Å"sorry condition â€Å"regarding this legal aspect and that it is only the Parliament or the Lordship House that can remedy the situation.3 This paper focuses on these arguments by analyzing a case law, legal issues involved in it, and the legal issues involved in the case. Particularly, the paper will focus on Shogun Finance Ltd v Hudson [2003] UKHL 62 and the legal issues involved in the situation described by Lord Nicholls of Birkenhead. The law of contract describes a mistake as a belief erroneously created in a contract that specific facts relating to all or some parts of the contract are true whereas they are not. Usually, if such a mistake is found to exist in a contract, then that particular contract is rendered void.4 Lord Denning, in the case of Lewis v Avery held that a contract can be void if the plaintiff can prove that at the time of entering the agreement, he or she had believed that the identity of the defendant (the other party) was of critical importance because a plain belief is not adequate.5 The common law has identified only three forms of mistakes that can arise from a contract: the common mistake, the mutual mistake, and the unilateral mistake. From this identification it is clear that the mistake of identity does not exist. It is important to point out that none of the identified mistakes has adequately covered mistake of identity. This explains why there has been increasing concern regarding the description of the case by law as being unsatisfactory.6 A closer look of the case law shows that mista ken identity cases are few in number and do not occur in increasing frequency like the other types of mistakes. Nonetheless, this does not mean that mistaken identity is not a critical legal aspect in law of contract. As a matter of fact, mistaken identity cases are very crucial as they (just like other types of mistakes) amount to breach of contract if they occur and therefore it is important that it is addressed once and for all. Besides, a key objective of law is to achieve equity and justice. As such, failing to remedy the â€Å"sorry condition† of law covering mistaken identity cases will defeat the very of law as it may lead to unjust rulings.7 Often, cases of mistaken identity happen in simple contracts, that is, contracts formed without involvement of any legal formalities. Partnership agreements and sale of goods contract mostly take the dimension of simple contracts. Sales of goods are the most prone and mistaken identity cases frequently arise from sale of goods co ntract. The principle of nemo dat non quod habet forms the major interplay in the mistaken identity cases. This principle is a fundamental legal axiom that implies â€Å"no one [can] give what one does not have† and that â€Å"a person can only give as good a title as one possesses†

Not by popular demand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Not by popular demand - Essay Example The agenda of the government highlight deficit cutting as a booster for employment is also criticized by the author. The statistics on people’s opinion on this clearly suggested that they even believed that deficit cutting would have negative impacts on job generation. The history of US politics shows that people have always reacted by voting down the parties which couldn’t bring in economic development. Looking into the issue in these terms, the stand of the republicans to go by the deficit cutting policy does fit into the bracket political manipulation of people’s opinion by using the media. The democrats are observed by the author as acting based on the common sense notion that ‘debt is bad;’ and are not concerned of the economic facts prevailing in the country. They are trying to create sentiments over the amount of debt that the country is in and is trying to push the deficit cutting agenda. Taking into account the history of the response of the voters on governments not oriented on economic development, the author warns the democrats to be careful on the cutting budget deficits agenda. More than the net result being bad for the democrats, the author fears that it may prove bad for the country.

Origin and History of Celtic Knots Research Paper

Origin and History of Celtic Knots - Research Paper Example Computer Science is interested in generating knots through special software. Religion is interested in Celtic knots because of its symbolic structuring of doctrine, the illumination of scriptural texts and the inscription of sacred architecture. My thesis is that the cross, the circle and the Tree of Life are archetypal images which provide a foundation for understanding the history and origin of Celtic Knot art forms, and the elemental meaning is a call to unity, renewal and balance. Body. There are a variety of types of Celtic knots and they are, and have long been, used in jewelry, fabricated in metal, carved from stone and bone, and gracing stone pillars, as protection symbols over doorways, used to illuminate scriptural texts, and for magic and divination. The Trinity knot is quite famous, symbolizing water, fire, earth for nature-based spirituality or, for the Christian Church, Father, Son and Holy Ghost. The spiral is a common pattern and dates back to 2500 BCE. It is thought to represent growth and the cycle of life.There are key and labyrinth designs, and zoomorphic designs, the latter involving birds and animals as part of the interwoven design.Here are images of the main two I am choosing to focus on: the Celtic Cross with a circle, and the Tree of Life. ... Modern day aficionados think of the ancient Celtic peoples as inherently spiritual, nature-connected, intuitive, in touch with alternate realms. This answers a longing in contemporary people.17 This results in a lot of speculative information about the Celts, their art, its meaning and its origin. Celtic knots first appeared in the British Isles during the 7th century, suddenly became extremely popular, and remained the primary art style through the tenth century.18 It was used in decorating sacred books, the most famous of which are The Book of Kells, The Book of Durrow, and the Lindisfarme Gospels.19 A fifth century copy of the book of Acts is considered to be the piece that links Middle Eastern and Celtic knot work.20 Some scholars believe that Celtic knots were adopted originally from Egypt.21 A primary symbol, the cross with circle, can be traced back to ancient Egypt, The Ankh is an Egyptian symbol, a cross with a circle above. It is a symbol still sacred to Egyptian Coptics.22 The cross represents intersection and opposition.23 The Circle represents eternity, continuity and infinity.24. Together, the symbol is one of regeneration.25 The circle is a rough approximation of the female reproductive organ, and the cross is a rough representation of the male reproductive organ.26 In Egyptian imagery, the Ankh is held in the hands of gods and near the lips of pharaohs, as though giving them breath.27 The cross and the circle are both archetypes. Archetypes, a core element in the psychology of Carl Jung, are a common pattern of image structures and shared meaning which can be identified in dreams, myths, legends, symbols, and are channels for psychic energy.28 As archetypes, the circle and cross have deep and ancient meaning. Their

Describe a place, environment or setting where you feel completely Essay

Describe a place, environment or setting where you feel completely content. What are your experiences there and why is it significant to you - Essay Example The bright colored paint on the wall sends everyone a feeling of liveliness and vibrancy. It also brings a dynamic atmosphere to the room which allows us to showcase our talents and be true to ourselves. They have people who are from different countries, different casts, different religion but we all live like a family. We respect each other, our ideologies and learn from each other. We all don’t care who we are and where we come from. All we care is, we share the same passion and that is why we all are here enjoying at the fullest. Then in the same room, there’s this beautiful and dramatic cityscape wall mural of New York City and Paris which helped me to come up with many interesting ideas such as backpacking and planning to visit New York and explore around Europe. All of these feelings and aura coinciding and balancing each other out creates a perfect harmony flowing throughout the room. Personally, BPP is more significant to me more than anywhere else. Not only it helps me escape from the noisy world but also gives me the courage to grow up and the motivation to bring out the talent which was hiding inside me. It has given me a new life by helping me coming out of my shell. I have been associated with them for more than four years now and have taken part in dancing, modeling and choreographing and still want to do more, learn more and share my talent to others. I had modeled for Dillard’s prom dresses, Halloween costumes, summer clothing and business attire. I also modeled for W by Azwell Clothing Store. I even went to Dallas for Model and Talent Expo. I joined the model competition, one-person monologue, and two-person monologue. I surprisingly won 2nd Place in two-person monologue! I was so impressed by myself. I also performed at the Mrs. Arkansas America Pageant in Hot Springs, Arkansas in 2011, 2012 and 2013. BPP has completely changed my personality; I am no more hesitant neither I escape from people or gatherings. I love to hang out with

Substandard Patient Care or Health Care Delivery Paper Essay

Substandard Patient Care or Health Care Delivery Paper - Essay Example Five years later, since his last admission due to Upper respiratory infection, he was again admitted for three days due to URI accompanied with Rheumatoid Arthritis and in the month of September 2005, he was treated for Gastritis. Anywhere around the world, there seemed to be an outbreak of Respiratory infections which includes viruses such as the influenza virus, SARS, and now the avian flu virus. Respiratory illness is a common chronic health problem and places a significant financial burden on the health care system. Respiratory symptoms are significantly higher among poorer children, those in the inner city, and among minority populations. Immigrants from outside North America and Europe constitute over twenty percent of Metro Toronto residents, yet relatively little is known about their experience of respiratory illness. (Thompson et. Al. 2004) There have been many organizations that focus on the needs of the ill older adults. NHS organisations in England recognises the importance of the NSF for Older People and the emerging practice and policies related to this, such as Intermediate Care, the single assessment process, the 1999 Health Act Flexibilities and has responded by re-focusing its activity to realign more closely with the local and national priorities. (2005) Published in 2001, this NSF focuses on people who are over 50 and still active but who need to be able to maximise and maintain their health as well as people with age related needs who may have more complex social and medical problems. (2005) The Department of Health, Services and Social Safety applies palliative care services which aims to achieve the best quality of life possible for patients and their family through active identification, holistic assessment and appropriate management of problems, when progressive advanced disease is not responsive to curative treatment.(29) There are over a half million older adult aged 65 or over who are living in care homes (nursing and personal care) and a large number end their lives in these care settings. Unfortunately, care homes can only provide appropriate terminal care if barriers to the provision of care are addressed. The National Council for Hospice and Specialist Palliative Care Services (NCH&SPCS) holds documents containing practice recommendations and therefore, the provision of appropriate terminal care makes the process of dying more comfortable and meaningful for a person and their family. Nightingale's (1860) theory on nursing evolves around the concept that the patient's recovery is highly related to the conditions of his environment. The environment of a patient has a direct effect on his recovery or his deterioration. According to Nightingale, "Nature alone cures." With that she stresses on the healing properties of the physical environment of the patient; fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness and a suitable diet. The environment not only refers to the physical aspect but also to the psychological and social environment surrounding the patient. Healthy communication with the patient and healthy environment keeps the patient's mind active and stimulated. Here Nightingale stresses that communication should be soothing and a form of

Importance of Shipping in the Transportation of Cars Essay - 2

Importance of Shipping in the Transportation of Cars - Essay Example Contemporarily, there are easily available cargo ships to transport 300 cars direct from Emden, Germany to Davisville, RI. The company that undertakes and supervises the whole shipping process of auto cars from Germany to the U.S is Metris Limited Company. The ship used by the company in the shipping processes is of the trump category that does not operate in a specific route. The company co-owned by a German business person together with two Americans from the state of West Virginia is easily available when contracted. The company has been shipping machines from Emden, Germany to Davisville for the last two years. The request to hire their ship is made one month earlier to facilitate legal and logistic preparation. So far it’s hard to quote the price. According to the policy of the Metris Limited Company, it negotiates their prices only after seeing and weighing the loads since they impose charges based on the weight of the cars for transportation. Secondly, if you make a longtime contract with them they will always allow 10 percent discount from the total cost to the customer. Therefore, it is more economical to make a long-term agreement with them to enjoy the weaver. They also take ownership of any loss incurred during transit of the cars from Emden, Germany to Davisville, RI in America as long as you attain the legal requirements. The remaining 50 percent of the payment is made before delivery and the rest made immediately after delivery. The shipping process takes the duration of approximately two months for the transportation and delivery of the auto cars from Emden, Germany to Davisville, RI. Hence, when making an order for the shipping transportation, it is essential to consider this time factor so as to adequately plan for the timely delivery and receipt of the cars. Importation of a vehicle to the Davisville, RI has a lot of legal handles and procedures. You have to subject a vehicle to several acts like the Motor vehicle Safety standards act 1966 and the clean air act of 1968 (Hinkelmans 272). The shipping regulations in the U.S require that foreign manufactured vehicles must meet the above standards. Destruction of vehicles is the penalty charged for failure to comply with the policies.

Electronics AS project Essay Example for Free

Electronics AS project Essay The aim of this project is to create a fire alarm which will detect fire or the effects of fire and as a result, with a buzzer, aware any occupants and persons in the surrounding area. To do this, I have researched how to construct this particular circuit. Fire is a major hazard and without the proper warning indications, can lead to devastating consequences. This is a device that can solve this life-threatening problem. A device that relies on the smoke that is produced in the event of a fire. When this smoke passes between a bulb and an LDR, the amount of light falling on the LDR decreases. This causes the resistance of LDR to increase and the voltage at the base of the transistor is pulled high due to which the supply to the COB (chip-on-board) is completed. The sensitivity of the circuit can depend on the distance between bulb. A device that uses a thermistor and an LDR to detect the high temperatures and brightness of a fire. When the temperature reaches high, the resistance of the thermistor decreases dramatically and the voltage travelling across the thermistor is pulled high and is passed into an AND gate. The same thing happens with the LDR but as the brightness increases the resistance drops and the voltage travelling through the LDR is pulled high and is passed into the AND gate; switching on a \buzzer alarm. This is the system that I will investigate and use for my system. Using resistors 100K? and 10K? , a 10:1 ratio was formed to work out the trigger point. With the 5. 5K? as R1 the trigger point was made to be 550? which is need for the circuit to trigger at around 80 C. Resistor R1 forms a voltage divider with the thermistor; the voltage to the non-inverting input being larger than the reference voltage when the thermistor is hot. When the thermistor is in high temperatures, the non-inverting input is greater than the inverting input and so the output of the op-amp saturates at the positive supply voltage, +Vs. The output then goes into the same AND gate. This circuit, therefore, gives a logic 0 output in the dark and logic 1 output in the light.

Representations of Space in Art Movements

Representations of Space in Art Movements Spatial representation is a complex subject involving the scientific technique of perspective and incorporating different periods of art. Discussion of this topic allows for an analysis of both the random and deliberate forms of spatial representation, the ever-changing artistic conventions underlying this representation, and an examination of artists who have challenged this technique. Representation, defined as, the description or portrayal of [†¦] something in a particular way is utilised by artists to produce works that resemble, to varying degrees, their chosen subject. The techniques of spatial representation can be seen in a large number of artworks, such as sculpture, painting, photography, and collage. Composition, defined as, the artists method [†¦] of deciding what to put in and what to leave out in order to make an effective picture remains the most prevalent of these techniques. Both horizontal and vertical forms of composition provide the artist with a powerful means of communication with the spectator. Size is also important in spatial representation and is exemplified in Duccio di Buoninsegnas The Rucellai Madonna , where [†¦] la superposition ou lalignement des figures correspondent à   un ordre hià ©rarchique. Evidently, the more important figure was depicted as larger in early works of art. The varying scale of characters was used as an attempt at perspective. It has been said that the effect of space in a painting is [†¦] the creation of the illusion of three dimensions on a flat surface. Linear perspective, or single-point perspective, [†¦]was adopted as the standard way of representing spaceand works on the principle of orthogonal lines converging to a vanishing point'(see note 5 above), giving the illusion of depth, and thus three dimensions to a painting. Linear perspective was challenged by aerial perspective which utilises the principle of fading shades of colour and the increasing use of blue as the distance from the viewer increases. Aerial perspective can be observed in Turners Lake at Brienz, which uses colour to portray misty distances. La perspective tordue is another technique where le bison est reprà ©sentà © le corps de profil ou les cornes de face [†¦] qui rà ©unit deux points de vue, deux perceptions dans une seule et mà ªme figure . Although perspective remains an important tool, the interior and exterior representation of space needs consideration. In their works, artists can choose how much of the subject they wish to expose to the viewer. The utilisation of interior and exterior space can be seen in Vincent Van Goghs painting, La Chambre à   Arles (1888). Here, Van Gogh has painted a window, leading the viewers eye to the outside world. However, the viewers only connection with the outside world is through a picture of a landscape on the wall of the bedroom. It is also interesting to note the unusual use of the laws of perspective; there is no single vanishing point. Random spatial representation has long been a debatable subject. Frank Stella said, in 1986, the aim of art is to create space [†¦] that is not compromised by decoration or illustration, space within which the subjects of the painting can live. This quotation implies that space is represented in a very deliberate manner. However, the works of John Pollock were often said to represent space randomly as they appeared to have no degree of order to the viewer. It is also argued that when an artist chooses to create and represent space in an image, it creates another random space as a result. Although sculpture accommodates differing viewpoints, space can be represented randomly. For example, The Large Head, by Naum Gabo creates the illusion of a solid structure when viewed head on. However, when viewed from the side, space is represented differently, with the sheets of metal forming a random structure. Whilst a completely random representation of a space is rare, and it has been said that tout point de vue est un choix signifiant: il correspond à   une intention, implying that no art can ever be random, artists have often embraced the technique of Apparent Randomness. This technique is seen in Picassos Guernica and involves the artist deliberately positioning certain objects to create the illusion of randomness. Jackson Pollocks Abstract Expressionist painting, Autumn Rhythm, highlights the chaotic atmosphere which led to an assumption of randomness. Due to the disorderly pattern, the public felt that Pollocks spatial representation was far from deliberate. However, a close analysis revealed an underlying pattern. This technique is also shown in Jean Miros, The Dialogue of Insects, further emphasising how artists represent space deliberately. A further artistic movement which utilises the apparently random positioning of objects is Cubism. Pioneered by Picasso and Braque, Cubism was concerned with the deliberate interaction between geometrical shapes to create planes and lines of vision. Despite its random appearance, each shape was specifically placed. Picasso also developed the technique of collage. Collage is perhaps one of the most interesting examples of how artists choose to represent space. It is quite possible that the random appearance of a collage may have been created by an equally random procedure. However, some thought and calculation is often evident. This can be seen in Raoul Hausmanns, A.D.C.D, where different objects of different materials have been layered on top of one another in a precise manner. It is clear from the lines of an art work that some sense of order is displayed. Pierre Renoirs The Umbrellas shows how the use of repeated circles has created order within the crowd of people depicted. Line also gives rise to perspective. Alexander Rodchenkos Jeune fille au Leica demonstrates linear perspective, using the lines of shadows to lead the viewer to the vanishing point. Line and perspective are key examples of how artists represent space in a deliberate manner. Photography appears to capture life randomly through a lens. However, when a photograph is taken, the photographer has to make very deliberate decisions about what he wants to depict. In Russell Lees, Les mains dune fermià ¨re de lIowa, we see only the hands and lower body of the subject. This is a very deliberate action on the part of the photographer. Photography also clearly demonstrates field of vision and the use of plongà ©e and contre-plongà ©e.The space being viewed is represented far differently when viewed from a different angle. Although this compositional technique can often appear to be random, artists often employ it to convey meaning. An illustration of the multiplicity of points of view can be seen in Holbeins, The Ambassadors. This technique is also known as anamorphosis. The placement of objects must be decided very carefully to illustrate the passage of time in art. In Eugene Atgets Angle de la rue des nonnains dHyeres et de LHotel de Ville, the winding market street descending into fog, and the blurred figures in the foreground have been purposely captured in their positions. Artists must always work within frames, deciding what will be captured or depicted within them and what will be left unseen. This process appears to be far from the ideals of randomness. The variety of artistic techniques used to represent space leads to the questioning of the deliberateness of an artists work. Despite certain random spatial elements within a painting, sculpture, or photograph, it is evident that artists attempt to represent their chosen subjects with accurate spatial representation or deliberate attempts to illustrate randomness with geometric techniques. One can conclude that spatial representation has been used in a variety of ways to create works that appear both random and deliberate. Word Count: 1499

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy: Theory and Applications

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy: Theory and Applications Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Assessment Introduction Definition of Cognitive behavioural Therapy The term Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) covers a number of techniques of spoken interactive therapy which are considered useful in helping people solve life problems such as anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and various addictive problems. (Beck A T 2005) Basic theoretical principles Cognitive behavioural therapy has arisen as a hybrid therapy combining the elements of cognitive therapy, which was originally conceived and developed to assist in changing dysfunctional beliefs, thoughts, attitudes, and expectations, and behavioural therapy (which is referred to as behaviourism) which was originally developed to change how people acted in response to various stimuli. Influential authorities such as Beck suggested that how one thinks about a situation determines how one acts and our actions determine how one thinks and feels. (Beck A T et al. 1979). This therapy endeavours to change elements of thinking (cognition) and behaviour together in order to achieve its beneficial effect on feelings. The therapy is based on an assumption that feelings and behaviour patterns such as anxiety and avoidance behaviours are related to the development of maladaptive beliefs and their related thought processes in an individual. Therapy is based on a series of collaborative interactions between the patient and the therapist in conjunction with specific cognitive and behavioural techniques such as Socratic dialogue, monitoring of beliefs, activity monitoring and scheduling, analysing advantages and disadvantages of avoidance, graded exposure assignments, behavioural experiments and role-play. The exact form of the therapy will depend on the presentation of the patient and the professional expertise of the therapist. (Hobbis I C A et al. 2005) Brief overview of the evidence base to support CBT There are two basic issues here. In order to define the evidence base for Cognitive behavioural therapy, one has to define the condition for which it is said to be efficacious. In the context of this essay, one can specifically consider Cognitive behavioural therapy in the area of anxiety treatment. A good place to start is the study by Stanley (Stanley M A et al. 2003). This was a small retrospective study which Cognitive behavioural therapy was contrasted with â€Å"usual care† and demonstrated a clear statistically significant advantage in the Cognitive behavioural therapy group on a broad battery of anxiety measurement tools. This correlates well with other findings from larger studies (viz Wetherell J L et al. 2005) and the meta analysis by Pinquart (Pinquart M et al. 2007) Principles and practices of CBT assessment Role and purpose of CBT assessment process related to relevant theory described previously. Describe the different stages of CBT assessment process. There are a number of different assessment models. For an illustrative example one can use the Williams Garland model (Williams C et al. 2002). This model uses five discrete areas of assessment which are described as:- Area 1: Situation, relationships and practical problems For example, Debts, housing or other difficulties. Patients may have problems in relationships with family, friends, colleagues, etc. Life events such as deaths, redundancy, divorce, court appearances may all be relevant. Area 2: Altered thinking An exploration of the typical characteristics of dysfunctional thinking that are commonly found in anxiety and depressive states, for example patients may display an ability to overlook their strengths and become very self-critical. Patients will often unhelpfully dwell on past, current or future problems; they put a negative slant on things, using a negative mental filter that focuses only on their difficulties and failures. They can catastrophise events and will typically mind-read and second-guess that others think badly of them, rarely checking whether this is true. (after Whitfield G et al. 2003) Area 3: Altered emotions There are a number of altered emotional states commonly found in anxiety states which can include feelings of anxiety, stress, worry, fear, panic and being ‘hassled’. Guilt, anger and irritability are common as are shame and embarrassment. Area 4: Altered physical symptoms There is a wide variety of symptoms commonly found in anxiety related conditions and these can include restlessness and an inability to relax, feeling of tension, shakiness or unsteadiness when standing, insomnia, palpitations and feelings of depersonalisation. Area 5: Altered behaviour In anxiety states one of the commonest symptoms is avoidance behaviour which can usually be elicited by asking the question ‘What things have you stopped doing since you started feeling anxious?’ Define and describe role and purpose of formulation in CBT assessment There are two major reasons for this type of assessment. Firstly it serves as a guide for the practitioner to determine the impact of the anxiety (or depression) on the patient’s overall subjective experience and thereby define goals and targets. Secondly it is helpful for the patient. The Five areas assessment model is easily grasped and understood by patients and thereby allows for an understanding of the effects that their anxiety state has on them. Often the act of writing down their symptoms under the headings allows for a degree of emotional distance which allows a patient the ability to examine their symptoms more objectively. Discuss the role and purpose of measurement in CBT model including psychometric and ideographic measures and problem and target statements Include relevant references and appendices (e.g. examples of measures) The academic determination of the evidence base for Cognitive behavioural therapy is ultimately based on studies that have measured the degree of response to the intervention. To this end there are a number of tools available for measurement. A comparatively new tool that has been described in the literature is the Questionnaire on Control Expectancies in Psychotherapy, (Jennings S 2008) which quantifies the degree to which responsibility for change is shared between therapist and patient. Other older tools include the state trait anxiety inventory, the graphic anxiety scale, the hospital anxiety and depression scale, and the anxiety-defining characteristics tool (Chuldham C M et al. 2008) Engagement issues Engagement with the patient can be a complex matter. A brief overview of the literature on the subject suggests that studies that have shown a poor patient response to Cognitive behavioural therapy have identified one of the causes to be inadequate expectancies of the patient specifically regarding the responsibility and the mechanisms of therapeutic change. Responsibility can be assigned to the therapist rather than the patient. In this respect, assessing control beliefs specific to the context of the psychotheraputic approach and specifically linking them to the expected therapy outcome can help highlight this specific aspect. References Beck A T (2005) The Current State of Cognitive Therapy: A 40 Year Retrospective Arch Gen Psychiatry, September 1, 2005; 62 (9) : 953 959. Beck A T, Rush A J, Shaw B F, Emery G : (1979) Cognitive Therapy of Depression. New York, Guilford, 1979 Chuldham C M. Cunningham G, Hiscock M, Luscombe P (2008) Assessment of anxiety in hospital patients Journal of Advanced Nursing Vol 22 Issue 1 Pg 87 93 208 Hobbis I C A, Sutton S (2005) Are Techniques Used in Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Applicable to Behaviour Change Interventions Based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour? Journal of Health Psychology, Vol. 10, No. 1, 7 18 (2005) Jennings S (2008) Perceived responsibility for change as an outcome predictor in Cognitive behavioural therapy. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, Volume 47, Number 3, September 2008 , pp. 281 293(13) Pinquart M, Duberstein P R (2007) Treatment of Anxiety Disorders in Older Adults: A Meta-analytic Comparison of Behavioral and Pharmacological Interventions. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, August 1, 2007; 15 (8) : 639 651. Stanley M A, Hopko D R, Diefenbach G J, Bourland S L, Rodriguez H, Wagener P, (2003) Cognitive–Behavior Therapy for Late-Life Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Primary Care Preliminary Findings Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 11 : 92 96, February 2003 Wetherell J L, Gatz M, Craske M G : (2005) Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, June 1, 2005; 18 (2) : 72 82. Whitfield G, Williams C (2003) The evidence base for cognitive-behavioural therapy in depression: delivery in busy clinical settings. Advan. Psychiatr. Treat., January 1, 2003; 9 (1) : 21 30. Williams C, Garland A (2002) A cognitive–behavioural therapy assessment model for use in everyday clinical practice. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment (2002) 8 : 172 179 ################################################################ 26.08.2008 Word count 1,439 PDG

Intervention In Congo :: essays research papers

The Democratic Republic of Congo has a population of 58,317,930 citizens (CIA-The World Fact book). Out of the 58,317,930 citizens 3.8 million of them have died through starvation, disease, and fighting (UNICEF). The death toll of Congo has been labeled genocide. The war in Congo drew in the armies of five other African nations. Neighboring Rwanda, Uganda, and allied Congolese rebel groups held control of the east and northeast. The government held the west. The problems of Congo lay in the United Nations hands. The UN peacekeeping force needs the help of other countries. France has prepared the way for 1,000 French troops that would lead a United Nations force to halt the violent conflict in the region (Talbot). Prime Minister Tony Blair of Great Britain has thought of the possibility of sending troops to Congo (Talbot). One question the world asks is where the United States in this situation is. Does the United States have the responsibility to help Congo? The UN cannot sustain vi olence alone with the help of France. The Democrats and Republicans believe the war in Iraq has crossed out the possibility of intervention in Congo. Human-right groups believe the U.S. should send a small portion of troops to help. Helping Iraq have freedom is important, but Congo is in worse condition. If you look at the conditions in Iraq and the conditions in Congo, you will see that many more people have been lost and still will be lost in years to come. The citizens of Congo cannot afford to lose any more hospitals or schools. Lives need to be spared. Aside from the killing in Congo, women are abused and rapped. I believe the United States should intervene we can no longer watch as poor women and children suffer in their own homes. We can no longer sit around as 15 and 16-year-old boys are drafted away from their parents and family to fight (CIA-The World Fact book). Rwanda and Uganda that have substantial military power are helping and risking their own citizen’s lives . France a much closed-minded country has even recognized the major massacre going on in Congo. It is clearly understandable that the war in Iraq has taken a great toll on America but, the war in the Democratic Republic of Congo has taken much larger toll on Africa and we need to lower the stress for them.

A Separate Peace :: Free Essay Writer

A Separate Peace   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obstacles after obstacles came in the path to success. In the novel A Separate Peace, John Knowles revealed a very strong idea through one of his characters. Through Gene it was revealed that weak individual who once was weak morally and mentally can become a strong and a more matured person. John Knowles revealed this idea through Gene’s perspective; symbolism; and also Gene’s speech/action.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gene had proved many things through only his perspective. He had intriguing thoughts, which gave many idea’s about Gene post personality and his surroundings. â€Å"Looking back now across fifteen years, I could see with great clarity the fear I had lived in†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Pg.2) This quote thus revealed that Gene was quite a weak individual. For if someone who lives in fear is considered morally weak, scared of the society and shy, insecure and who had a lack of confidence. Which Gene was in the beginning of the novel. â€Å"Yes he had practically saved my life. He had also practically lost it for me.† (Pg. 25) This quote exposed that Gene was in the middle of his mental metamorphosis. Gene in the first part of his quote seemed strong, but when he twisted it to make Finny, his best friend look bad, he still seemed to be morally weak, but in a more stronger moral state then before. â€Å" Now I knew that there never was and never could have been any rivalry between us. I was not of the same quality as he.† (Pg. 51) This quote showed a completely changed Gene. Gene became stronger by realizing the reality, he now had realized that there was no use in competing with anyone. Although this was recognizing Gene’s change only perspective wise.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There were many deep meanings that Gene had from significant things from his past. The two main significant symbolic things for Gene were the tree and the stairs. â€Å"Although they were old stairs, the worn moons in the middle of each step were not very deep. The marble must be unusually hard†¦.† (Pg. 3) This quote proved that the marble represented some of his so called â€Å"friend†, in other words referred to Brinker and Leper. For they had used him and indirectly killed Finny, who was Gene’s real friend. For the Marble looked rich and good, but it’s real texture was cold and hard, just like Brinker and Leper were, as Gene had found out later on in the story.

Courbet Stonebreakers

Courbet’s Stonebreakers Courbet’s stonebreakers is a painting drawn by Gustave Courbet and have been seen by two different art historians who write about their opinions about Courbet’s meaning behind his painting. Courbet’s painting can either be interpreted as a painting that shows in detail hardship and emotion of manual labor, or a painting that just a â€Å"metaphor as an act of painting†, but the understanding of it as hardship and emotion of manual labor is more sufficient because by the looks of the two men it reminds me of times where back in the day everything was done manually. Linda Nochlin is one of the art historians who argues about how some people don’t really understand the meaning of Courbet’s painting. She tries to explain how in his painting he shows us how manual labor really is. He expressed how real it use to be and how difficult it was for those at the time of 1849. She believes that many people just see his painting as two workers just breaking stones with lack of aerial perspective. Michael Fried another art historian argues that no one will ever know what Courbet was really trying to say. Fried believes that it â€Å"remains an open question†, that the poses, their clothes, how far they stand from each other can mean different things. He chooses to believe that Courbet just painted that because he like the scene of two men working in a environment with a lot of dirt. He thinks that Courbet’s painting can be interpreted as a an act of painting or an image of labor. Each author use the painting as evidence, but Fried seems to use some sort of story that was written about how Courbet was influenced to paint â€Å"The Stonebreakers†. Nochlin’s just gives us her opinion. Which even though their wasn’t a story she had a good point. Even though Fried had facts and showed us that the painting can be seen as in either way I still have to agree with Nochlin’s opinion. I’m sure there are many ways to see the painting but I believe the painting comes more to life when you think of it as Courbet showing us how low class society in the mid 1800’s manual labor use to be. It reminds me how difficult things use to be back then and how now we have it way easier. Nochlin’s just seemed to grab my attention and convinced me more than Frieds point of view. Michelle Cavazos April 19, 2010

The busiest day of the week

My first visit to a courthouse took place on a Monday, which is apparently the busiest day of the week. The first impression I had of the people was that they all seemed to have a purpose. There did not seem to be anyone like me; an observer trying to get a feel for the courthouse. It was a bit intimidating to go to court without a reason. I was a little concerned that someone would ask me where I belonged, or ask me to leave the courtroom where I was watching the proceedings. As it turns out, everyone is far too busy with their own concerns to worry about anyone else.When I arrived at the courthouse, I had to walk several blocks; this was the closest place to park. I waited outside in line with at least a hundred people, most of whom had a jury notice in their hands. It took a while to get inside because of the metal detectors. I noticed that many people were able to cut to the front of the line. It seemed that they were court employees or lawyers. Once inside, I had to put my bag a nd keys in the tray before being admitted. A woman in the other line set off the detector, and the guard checked her over carefully.Clearly, security is very tight in the courthouse. I checked the schedule that was posted on the wall so I could figure out what courtroom to visit. I was early, so I had to wait outside in the hallway for a half hour before entering with a large group of people. The seats in the courtroom were almost completely filled; I only waited about ten minutes before the bailiff instructed us to remain quiet during the proceedings, to turn off our cell phones, and for the defendants to remain in the courtroom until they had been called.I noticed a few men and women sitting in the front wearing suits and holding briefcases. The bailiff opened a door and several men and women dressed in jail jumpsuits sat down in the jury box. At this point, the bailiff told us to rise and announced the judge as the â€Å"honorable Judge Ronald Meeks†. He was accompanied by a woman with a stack of files. The bailiff introduced everyone; the woman was the file clerk. There was also a court reporter and two clerks. The first case was called. A young black male was led to the defense table from the jury box, and Judge Meeks instructed the prosecutor to begin.He stated that the young man was being arraigned on charges of possession of narcotics with intent to sell. The intent to sell was implied because of the amount of drugs he possessed at the time of his arrest. The judge asked if the defendant had any priors, and was told that he had been arrested twice before on the same charges and convicted once. The defendant had just been released from the county jail three months earlier. At this point, the judge asked for a bail recommendation, and the prosecutor requested that it be set at $50,000.The defense lawyer, an older black woman dressed in designer clothes, argued that he could not afford the bail because he didn’t have a job. She assured Meeks that he lived at home with his mother and that his mother would take responsibility to make sure he came to court for his trial. The judge told her that because of his prior conviction, the amount of bail would stand. Judge Meeks asked if there was anything else, and both lawyers stated that they were finished. At this point, the judge turned to the clerk and asked her to set a trial date.She gave a date that was two months away, but the prosecutor said that he was unavailable. The date was finally set three months ahead. Once the case was dismissed, the prosecutor remained at the table and the defense lawyer and her client left the courtroom. It was at this point that I realized they were doing arraignments the entire day in this courtroom. One by one, the defendants would go up with their lawyers (or in some cases, they would meet a public defender) and hear the charges against them and the amount of bail to be set. There was no drama, and there were no arguments.It was all very quiet and civilized. As I left the courtroom, I saw jury members going in and out of the jury room. Many of them were on cell phones, complaining about waiting to be released. The courthouse was very crowded that day, and there were many individual courtrooms with people waiting outside. I can understand now why the courts have such a long backlog of cases. There are far too many people seeking a judge’s attention, and too few employees to handle the masses. My final impression is that a courthouse is probably the best place to work because it seems that there is a job for everyone.

Different Forms of Fdi

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is an investment that is made to acquire a lasting interest in an enterprise operating in an economic other than that of the investor. In addition foreign direct investment (FDI) refers to long term participation by country A into country B. It usually involves participation in management, joint-venture, transfer of technology and â€Å"know-how†. FDI has many forms and theses can be categorized depending on the investors perspective and host country’s perspective. Investor’s perspective Controlling a foreign investment is such a big concern for an investor investing huge amounts of capital in a foreign market where it cannot be certain of success. The investor needs to control his resources such as patents, trademarks, management know-how, which when transferred can be used to determine the competitiveness position of the original holder. Horizontal Vs Vertical FDI Horizontal FDI takes place when a firm invests in the same industry as it has been operating in at home. This would be for example a soft drink company in UK investing in Uganda in the making of soft drinks like Pepsi. Vertical FDI is divided into Forward and Backward FDI. Forward Vertical; takes place when a firm invests in facilities that will consume the output of the mother company in the home country. Different economic factors encourage inward FDIs. These include interest loans, tax breaks, grants, subsidies, and the removal of restrictions and limitations. This is usually done in search for markets . Usually the company invests in distribution and market facilities that absorb and market the products of the company in Uganda . Backward Vertical FDI is the kind of FDI where a company invests in facilities that provide inputs or raw materials to the parent company. Most FDIs in the less developing countries such as Uganda are backward investments. They provide inputs for the firms industry in foreign country. Typical examples are Extraction investments in the mining industry. Host country perspective Governments always endeavor to control FDI because they feel that national interests of the host country may not well be served by the decision of a foreign investor. For example; the government of Uganda regulates the number of foreign staff that companies like MTN, Zain have to employ otherwise positions could be given to foreign employees. The concern of Government of Uganda would be to ensure investments create jobs for the local populace. The government might also need to control the level of profits repatriated or else it could cause a BOP problem. Import substitution FDIs. these are companies that are established to produce goods that have been previously imported for example Bidcos oil for cooking. Export promotion FDI. These are established to enhance and promote exportation of products to the international market, Government initiated FDIs these are established by governments to spur economic growth and development for instance the Tri-Star project between the government of Uganda and USA Greed-field investment: establishing a wholly new operation in a foreign country. The majority of investments is in the form of mergers &acquisitions: Represents about 77%of all flows in developing countries and represent about 33%of all flows in less developing countries. Fewer target firms. The preference for mergers &acquisitions is because it becomes quicker to execute. And foreign firms have valuable strategic assets which increase the efficiency FDIs inform of Joint ventures An equity joint venture is established according to the Law on Joint Ventures Using Ugandan and Foreign Investment Both profits and risks are distributed between the foreign partner and Ugandan partner according to the share of capital they contribute to the joint venture. Foreign contribution usually takes t form of â€Å"machinery and equipment, technology, cash (in convertible currencies), industrial property rights, and managerial experience†, and the Ugandan partner provides â€Å"land, factory buildings and facilities, raw materials, and cash in local currency†. A contractual joint venture, which involves no equity stake, does not necessarily lead to the creation of a new legal entity. A third party can be appointed by the foreign partner and the Ugandan partner to manage the venture, or the foreign partner can entrust the Ugandan partner to manage the venture. Profits and risks are distributed between the two partners not according to capital contribution, but predetermined by the terms and conditions laid down in the venture agreement

House On Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros

Sandra Cisneros Mango Street is a alone narrative about a deprived immature Chicana miss, Esperanza, who grows up in a hapless vicinity where she feels she does non belong. She does non wish what she experiences, and invariably hunts for a new hereafter. As Esperanza grows and alterations throughout the book, she realizes that adult females in her civilization are treated below the belt, and makes a witting pick non to fall into the same trap as the adult females around her. The adult females in Esperanza ‘s vicinity are held surety within their ain credence of an unfair cultural destiny. For illustration, Minerva who is merely small spot older than Esperanza is largely found praying for better fortune and a happier life. While praying for happier life she stills lets her hubby take advantage of her, and this sets an unhappy and atrocious life. Minerva knows that her hubby is non truly sorry but she still forgives him. For illustration, there is a twenty-four hours when Minerva had sufficiency of her hubby so out the door he goes but subsequently through the twenty-four hours he is regretful for his action and every bit much as Minerva is forgiving, she lets her hubby back in the house accepting his apology cognizing it will go on once more. She thought matrimony was traveling to be a manner out from unwanted life but alternatively it has the same features. Without contending for a satisfactory life she settles with the manus she is dealt. In this novel there is another character name Sally. She is an guiltless friend of Esperanza. Sally tries to get away her male parent ‘s barbarous whippings through matrimony, but her fortunes do non alter. Sally hubby still treats her as her male parent treated her in yesteryear. For illustration, he wo n't allow her speak on the phone, he does non allow her look out the window and he does non like her friends. Sally friends can non see her unless her hubby is at work. First, Sally ‘s male parent controlled her and now it is her hubby. She thinks that she is get awaying when in world she is merely giving the tether to person else. Sally chose the easiest manner out of her life which she thought was matrimony, without thought of her hereafter. In this novel there are mistreatments which lead some of the characters into another life of the letdown and their unhappy effects, believing that there is no way-out. Esperanza will non accept and is determined to get the better of the unjust destiny instructed on the adult females in her household, such as her great grandma. Esperanza references in the novel that she does non like her name that was given after her grandma and she would baptise herself to acquire a different name that would stand for a existent her and no 1 else. Harmonizing to Hispanic household the names are passed down the coevals without pick. Esperanza negotiations about â€Å" I have inherited her name, but I do n't desire to inherit her topographic point by the window † ( Cisneros Pg.11 ) . Esperanza does non desire to populate a life of unhappiness. Esperanza knows that she does non desire to stop up like her great grandma. Esperanza grandma had no pick but to get married without her being able to do determination for it. She was trapped by a adult male who â€Å" threw a poke over her caput and carried her off † ( Cisneros Pg. 11 ) . After this incident her great grandma looked out the window her whole life like so many adult females sit their unhappiness on their cubitus. Esperanza admirations if her grandma made the best of what she got or was she sorry because she could non be all the things she wanted to be. She searches for a way that would take her out of the rhythm that has captured her great grandma and so many adult females around her. In â€Å" Boys & A ; Girls † chapter it talks about how in Esperanza ‘s vicinity male childs and misss can non socialise with each other because it is known that male childs and misss are from different universes. For illustration, Esperanza could speak to her brothers at place but outside place they can non be seen speaking to each other. In add-on, towards the terminal of the book, Esperanza feels a demand to come b ack and help those who are unable to go forth, because she is positive that her destiny will alter. â€Å" One twenty-four hours I will state adieu to Mango. I am excessively strong for her to maintain me here everlastingly. One twenty-four hours I will travel off. They will non cognize I have gone off to come back. For the 1s, I left behind. For the 1s who can non acquire out † ( Cisneros Pg. 110 ) . In decision, Esperanza experiences the suffering faces of the adult females around her, she is certain that traveling through this life experience and acquisition procedure will take her life to a positive result. She believes the lone manner out of her vicinity and unjust intervention in the Hispanic community would be by educating and composing. Esperanza does non merely take the right way of willingness to contend for a nicer life but she adapts to her milieus and builds her ain assurance so that she can assist the other adult females around her bash good. Esperanza is a really strong and determined adult female in herself and she is able to carry through her dream of a better hereafter. Esperanza ends are non to bury and accomplish the freedom together. Esperanza wants the adult females in her civilization to go stronger, independent and she is determined to make so.

Our country should do more to help our homeless Essay

Our country should do more to help our homeless - Essay Example Dissolving Stereotypes Because of recent public awareness campaigns by governmental and private agencies such as the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and the National Coalition for the Homeless respectively, long-standing common stereotypes of the homeless are steadily evaporating. Images of imaginatively clothed white-bearded, haggard, leather-faced men sitting against an alley wall holding a brown paper bag with a bottle of cheap booze inside have toady morphed into imagery that is closer to the truth such as a single mom with children living at a shelter or a family living in their car. The estimated 500,000 children that are homeless in America at any one time and their mothers are the fastest growing sector of the homeless population in the U.S. According to existing studies conducted of homeless shelters minor account for close to 40 percent of the homeless population. More than 40 percent of these children are preschool age. (Gray, 2011). It is a false impressi on that the majority homeless persons really prefer that type of terrible lifestyle and could possibly adjust to it. Studies confirm that close 100 percent of homeless persons certainly would never choose this lifestyle one more day if they had an alternative. Who would? Another universal myth regarding the homeless is that they made bad decisions therefore are responsible for their own destiny. In addition to the great numbers of homeless children who are blameless, many adults are victims of easy to understand circumstances too. Some military veterans suffer from both physical and mental disabilities resulting from warfare and cannot sustain an ‘ordinary’ existence. Other victims of homelessness were abused as children or were themselves raised in homeless environment. Still other people fall into the destructive cycle of drug and alcohol addiction which decimates their family and working life. Some have become ‘unemployable’ for a variety of reasons or c an find only unskilled and/or low-paying employment after having higher paying jobs and now cannot afford their house payments. Whatever the reason, the results are the same. â€Å"All homeless are victims in the sense that they do not have a place to call home.† (â€Å"Facts and Myths†, 2007). Men, Women and Children Twenty-five percent of women who are homeless find themselves in this dangerous and demeaning situation because they are escaping abusive behavior in their home. Unsurprisingly, men seldom report this reason for being homeless but a percentage, though statistically insignificant, cite an abusive home as the central reason they are homeless. Men’s most often reason given is unemployment and the second most for women. â€Å"Although there is a 13.4 percent difference between males and females, unemployment is also an important reason of homelessness for women.   More than one tenth of homeless women leave home because of employment† (â€Å" Women and Men†, 2001). Other than spousal abuse and to a lesser degree joblessness, the differences between the declared causes for homelessness are statistically identical for men and women. Approximately the same numbers of both genders say alcohol and drug abuse, protracted disabilities or illnesses and running out of federal aid caused their homelessness. Recent research and

American History, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

American History, - Essay Example Its vitriolic language and common approach differed from the existing political writings, which were often considered elitist, and gave Common Sense a wider mass appeal. After 25 editions, it sold thousands of copies and is credited for tipping the scale in the move towards independence (Henretta, Brody, and Dumenil, 181) Richard H. Lee, American patriot, had been a delegate from Virginia to the Continental Congress in September 1774. At this time he and Patrick Henry were joined by others to argue against the Coercive Acts, which had severely limited shipping in Boston in a response to the Boston Tea Party. In June 1776, with the pamphlet Common Sense reaching mass popularity, Richard Henry Lee introduced a congressional resolution calling for independence from England. Sensing impending defeat Loyalists and many moderates withdrew from the Congress. This was the beginning of the Patriots' formal declaration for independence and the move towards the war. Samuel Adams was a staunch Patriot who had gained the notoriety and experience during the Seven Years War that would later place him in a place of prominence. He led a revolt against the Townsend Acts in 1765, which taxed tea, paper, and other miscellaneous items. He was instrumental in establishing the Committee of Correspondence in Boston in 1772 (Henretta, Brody, and Demenil, 151). He became the leader of the radicals in Boston while organizing action against the monarchy (Nash et al., 179). In 1774, as a delegate from Massachusetts, he joined Richard Lee and Patrick Henry in their fight against the Coercive Acts in the Continental Congress. After the Revolutionary War, Adams helped draft the Massachusetts Constitution and the Articles of Confederation. He would later become the acting Governor of Massachusetts. John Peter Zenger John Peter Zenger was a printer and journalist that advocated and promoted the freedom of the press. Faced with corruption and tyranny in the colonies, a newspaper, the New-York Weekly Journal, was published by Zenger to expose the actions of Governor William Cosby of New York. Zenger was arrested for seditious libel and defended by a Philadelphia Lawyer hired by Zenger's supporters. Zenger claimed he was merely printing the facts and informing the public. Zenger was acquitted and the idea of the free press began to gain more popularity and would eventually rise to a significant part of American democracy. Bacon's Rebellion By 1675, the Chesapeake colonies were facing limited land and resources due to agreements with the Indian tribes. There was a need for more land as more settlers arrived in the New World. Nathaniel Bacon, joined by slaves and ex-slaves, brutally waged war against the native populations. Governor Berkeley who called for the arrest of Bacon denounced these attacks. This began a series of skirmishes and battles between Bacon's men and Berkeley's troops known as Bacon's Rebellion. It continued through 1677 involving 1000 British troops and resulted in the destruction of Jamestown (Nash et al., 84,86). Bacon's Rebellion was a sign of events to come as it pointed out the necessity of acquiring Indian land with the arrival of the new immigrants. The Great Awakening The Great Awakenin

Macroeconomics and Microeconomics - Auction Theory Essay

Macroeconomics and Microeconomics - Auction Theory - Essay Example The first type of open auctions is called English or ascending bid auctions, where the auction is usually done in real time. In this case, the seller usually sets a low price as the beginning price, after which the price is increased gradually as the bidder offer their prices. The bidders drop out of the auction as their true values are exceeded until the last bidder gets the item at her intrinsic value. The second type of auction is called Dutch or descending bid auctions, where the seller starts the auction at a high price and then gradually drops until the first bidder states the price and takes the item at the stated price (Easley and KleinBerg, 2010). The main area of focus for this paper is sealed bid auctions, which are divided into two types; first-price sealed bid auctions and second-price sealed bid auctions. The first-price sealed bid auction is one where all the buyers submit simultaneous sealed bids to the seller, who opens them and sells the item to the highest bidder a t the stated price (Easley and KleinBerg, 2010). Conversely, second-price sealed bid auctions refer to a case where the buyers submit sealed bids to the seller, who opens them and sells the item to the highest bidder, but at the second highest price. This type of auction is also called Vickrey auctions (Koutsojannis and Sirmakessis, 2009). Informational asymmetry in auctions usually affects the bidding decisions of both the seller and the buyer (Koutsojannis and Sirmakessis, 2009). To describe seller monopoly, consider an auction where the seller attaches a price of x on the item, and the bidder attaches a price of y to the item. In this case, the surplus to the seller and the buyer is...This essay outlines key concepts of the auction theory and stresses the importance of the game theory advances in choosing the right bidding strategy. This paper mainly focuses on first-price and second-price sealed auctions. The types of auctions are usually dispersed between open and sealed auctions, both of which need different types of bidding strategies . The first type of open auctions is called English or ascending bid auctions, where the auction is usually done in real time. The second type of auction is called Dutch or descending bid auctions, where the seller starts the auction at a high price and then gradually drops until the first bidder states the price and takes the item at the stated price The first comparison is between descending bid auctions and first-price auctions, where we know that, in a descending bid auction, the seller lowers the price until the first bidder gets the item at the highest price. Conversely, second-price sealed bid auctions and ascending bid auctions are similar. In the case of first-price sealed bid auctions, the value of the bid affects both the winning fact and how much the winning bidder pays for the item. The game theory setting for this kind of bid is to set up the bidders as players, where a bidder i assigns a value v to the item and bids at a price b. The dominant strategy in the case of second-price sealed bids is a truthful strategy, where the bidder bids the price of her true value as assigned to the item, since deviations from the price does not increase the payoff earned

Critique of Vita Wallaces' essay Give Children the Vote

Critique of Vita Wallaces' Give Children the Vote - Essay Example However, these rights, if not controlled especially to those less than 18 years would eventually be misunderstood turning to be a liability to the society. In her essay, Wallace believes that children under the age of 18 years have the right to vote (Eschholz et. al. 315). To her, the account of age should not be a stumbling block. In her article, she presents her views on the significance of educating children and giving every child the right to vote. Wallace says that in passing the law against child labor and provision for compulsory schooling, the involved, which she refers to as well-meaning people aimed at protecting every child from any form of exploitation. She believes that the decision about schooling I personal. According to her, no punishment should be given in case children choose not to attend school. Rather, she asserts that at whatever age suitable for children to vote, the right should be given. She says, â€Å"What I suggest is that children be allowed to grow into their own right to vote at whatever rate suits them individually† (315). The word individually helps eliminate the aspect of generalization. Accordi ng to her, age limit would hinder capable children from voting. It is from this assertion that Wallace believes that children should have the right to vote. The common believe that if given the chance to vote children will vote in favor of their parents, in effect giving more votes to the parents should, according to Wallace, not be the case (316). Although many of the readers of this article consider Wallace argument thoughtful, I disagree with her point of view. In the entire essay, she presents her opinion. However, the major claim of this assertion could appear as fact or a judgment (Cooper 5). This shows how he overlooks the Toulmin’s theory of argument (Cooper 3). As an activist, she uses an interesting approach, which convinces many readers. Despite her powerful approach, I consider her unsuccessful. Her major claim,

Federal function Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Federal function - Essay Example In the recent past, the federal government has been faced with a looming crisis in which it plans laying off about eight hundred thousands staffs, their employment status hangs on the balance as the federal government braves to as from Saturday impose a shutdown, a move that is likely to render such a huge population staffs suspended, it will also include several agencies right from the offices to the parks rolling out their operations. A move to reverse the highly anticipated action is in its top gears as the United States president Barrack Obama has considered a crisis meeting consultation in the White house with John Boehner a speaker in the Republican House. The shutdown negative impact is due on spring where by even the tourists from the international community would experience rough rides, they will find attraction sites closed on Saturdays, sites like the Liberty statue, museums in Washington’s Smithsonian’s, former prisons of Alcatraz amongst other sites with fa scinating features will not be operational, in the mean time vital organization that deliver services like security, control of air traffic, border authorities and the all important postal services would partially operate or would totally close down. The anticipated move will not only threatens the staffs at various work places but will also affect acutely government agencies, Pentagon and the congress included. The move by the congress to classify workers into non-essentials and essentials has not augured well with most employees who value the conscious of the status. The non-essential workers would be expected not to show up for job on Mondays while the essential ones would have their schedule uninterrupted on Mondays. A further hitch is also in the rife as the staffs risk having their laptops and BlackBerries shut down. According to Jeffrey Zients White House deputy director on management and budget (Askill, 2011), the pattern of the shut down may be uneven, National parks, forests and institution of Smithsonian would remain closed as the Institute of Health Clinical Centre will consider new patients but clinical trials will remain suspended. The overseas stationed troops in countries like Iran and Afghanistan will not be give n their wages but will be paid for welfare recipient. The holidaymakers of Americans origin who been considered late for their passport applications as well as the visitors who would want to pay a visit to America and made US visas application would be compelled to eat a humble pie as their request will not succeed. The debate as to whether the non-essential workers would be paid after the shut down as in previous years also sent mixed reactions as the federal government has this year clarified their position that it won’t be as usual. What the government is doing The US president Barrack Obama had along late night meeting with Boehner and Harry Reid, the senate leader to strike a deal that would avoid the unfortunate circumstance from coming into play, Obama expressed optimism that both the parties are committed to finding a solution to what is viewed as a possible menace. He is expecting early positive responses from the Republicans in order to halt the steps facilitating t he shut down becoming a reality. On the issue, the Republicans proposes a forty billion dollars cut deficit on the federal while the Democrats resoluted on the thirty four and a half billion

Leadership and culture Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leadership and culture - Coursework Example These roles may come with challenges. The manner in which leaders overcome these challenges would depend majorly on major traits and philosophies within a given leader. The major concepts of this theory are the personal composition of leader based on their physical appearance and cultural background. These cultures mould a leader and aid him or her in matters decision making and management of a given organization. Leaders aligned to this theory tend to focus more on their intellectual ability to manage a given situation. The most important aspect in this theory is the cognitive ability leader in determining what is essential at any particular period (Northouse, 2010). The leader is guide by principles within a given organization and she or he utilizes them to attain specific goals. A leader under this theory may create his own environment to influence his or her skill or modify existing environments and enable him manage a given organization. There are two major roles of a leader within a given organization. These roles include conflict resolution where the leader is required to guide an organization through challenges (Northouse, 2010). The second role entail mentorship where a leader is required to mentor individuals based on their personality and use their traits to ensure the process is a success. The two roles determine a leader through the trait theory. The theory outlines how leaders are separated through specific characteristics. The theory outlines the nature in which a leader succeeds of a given leader is determine by his or her behaviours. These behaviours are essential in a given organization. The theory organizes leaders into three major categories. The first category identify leaders that aim at gaining control over a given group and that the concrete on an entire organization and uses its structure to plan. The second set of leaders under this theory is those who are interested in the wellbeing of the organization and

Impact of Generation Y on Management Effectiveness in Organizations Thesis - 2

Impact of Generation Y on Management Effectiveness in Organizations - Thesis Example s huge dependence on technological factors that distinguish them from Generation X that is more inclined towards conservative forms of workplace ethics (Martin, 2001). In this regard, business experts are endeavoring nowadays to identify factors that are causing problems in the workplace and are putting efforts to propose solutions and alternatives that may reduce the gap between the two generations, and allow the management to achieve their organizational objectives. Due to such reasons, some of the major problems in this respect of attracting and recruiting Generation Y talent that is fast-paced and technologically efficient. In addition, due to conflicting workplace practices (Tulgan, 2009), a number of organizations are confronting problems in retaining and engaging Generation Y successfully due to lack of communication between the two generations. In the result, recruitment, engagement, and retaining of Generation Y have now become some of the major issues of the current decade that are revolving around the factors, such as generational boundaries, technology, cultural shifts, etc. In specific, the major purpose of the proposed research is to identify and analyze issues that employers confront while managing Generation Y in their workforce along with proposition of different strategies that will enable management in ensuring improvement in workforce’ performance. Besides the abovementioned main purpose, the researcher will be putting efforts to fulfill other objectives as follows: To achieve the objectives of the research study, a qualitative research analysis will be employed. A qualitative method is the best option because it entails in depth analysis of a social phenomenon. Literature review will be used in analyzing existing information on the topic of study .After reviewing the information, vital points will be collected, evaluated and analyzed to come up with the required information. The material to be reviewed will include the Internet from

Philosophy Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Philosophy Assignment - Essay Example In such extreme expression this relativism may dangerously threaten the efficiency of international law and international remedial systems which had been created during many decades. If the observance of international standards will be regulated by extremely cultural tradition, large-scale disrespect, violation and infringements of human rights will become consecrated by the law. In â€Å"The Challenge of Cultural Relativism† Rachels attacks the trendy idea of cultural relativism: Undoubtedly, this argument is unacceptable because the principle is right, but the conclusion is wrong. So, it does not follow from the simple fact of difference that there is no real truth regarding the matter of incongruity. In process of interaction and mix of cultures the culture of the personality also changes. This process may both enrich and disorient people. Present instability of cultural aspect of the personality reflects fundamental changes in how we today perceive and express themselves. According to Rachels there are three consequences of cultural relativism. He states that if relativism were true â€Å"we could no longer say that the customs of other societies are morally inferior to our own†. Also â€Å"we could decide whether actions are right or wrong just by consulting the standards of our society.† Moreover â€Å"the ideas of moral progress and social reform would be meaningless†. However, many of us don’t want to recognize these consequences. So the conclusion of Rachels is the following: â€Å"cultural relativism is not true†. 2. In â€Å"Active and Passive Euthanasia’† Rachels argues the distinction between two kinds of euthanasia and focuses on the moral difference between killing the patient and letting him die. He discusses the difference between two kinds of euthanasia – the first, so-called â€Å"active†

A long way gone Essay Example for Free

A long way gone Essay Violence has a major impact on teenagers and children in today’s society. In the novel A Long Way Gone; memoir by a boy soldier Ishmael Beah, displays how teenagers are exposed†¦ Through the medias they are showed that the movie Rambo, which influences them to be violent and fight. Another way to seek violence is in real life when the boy soldiers are sent to fight the rebels. The violence that the young boys are exposed to caused them to think and act violently towards others, Firstly the boy soldiers in this novel are influenced by the movie Rambo , it encourages them to work harder and more violent. After the young boy soldiers watch Rambo for the first time they were motivated to be just like him and while in battle. â€Å"We all wanted to be like Rambo ; we couldn’t want to implement his techniques† (beah 121). This movies showed the boys how to fight , they wanted to use the same techniques to fight against the rebel villages. Some of the boy soldiers have been so influenced by this that they already implemented goals that will allow them to act like Rambo; â€Å"sometime I am going to take on a whole village by myself, just like Rambo† Alhaji told me smiling at the new goal he had set for himself† (122). This young boy has been trained to fight and destroy, watching Rambo has influenced him so much that he wants to take a whole village on by himself. Watching violent movies influences the boy soldiers how ever this is not how they gain courage and experience. Secondly the boy soldiers are able to gain courage and experience by being sent to fight against the rebels. The boy soldiers are brought to fight after being trained, they are told; â€Å"if you see anyone without a head tie of this colour or a helmet like mine, shoot them†(115). The boys didn’t know that they are actually going to battle however they do know what they have to do when they are in the field. When they are in the battle, the boys watch their friends get killed, this empowers them to fight back and kill; â€Å"I raised my gun and pulled the trigger , and I killed a man†¦ I shot everything that moved†(119). After watching his friends get killed Ishmael starts to fight back, he is saddened by what has happened to his friends and wants to have revenge on the people that caused their death . when the boys are in combat they gain the courage to fight back and kill people. The violence they are exposed to influenced them to act violently them selves. The boy soldiers are exposed to violence in their society which causes them to both think and act violently. The boy soldiers in the novel A Long Way Gone; memoirs of a boy soldier, are exposed to violent images in the media and in real life, which causes them to become addicted to violence. The boy soldiers in this novel are exposed to violence through movies and real life action. In conclusion violence can have a major impact on all teenagers and children no matter where they come from or how they are raised in their country.

A Sociological Perspective on the Drug War

A Sociological Perspective on the Drug War Kelli Piperata Introduction The War on Drugs has been going on for many years. Drugs were never the target of this war, but racism was. Today, in the modern era of the drug war, it is not just a war on race, but also a war on the lower-social class societies. This essay will briefly give examples of the history in which some of the first laws against drugs were enacted and show the conflicting racial and social class issues that are raised as well as a sociological functional perspective. Class Conflict and Racial Conflict The modern era of the War on Drugs seems to target not only minorities, but also white lower-class citizens as well. The gap between the rich and poor is not getting smaller, but rather becoming larger. Many lower-class individuals want to gain upward mobility within society, but have limited resources to accomplish these means. These individuals may suffer from what sociologists call relative deprivation, the social or economic inequality for individuals that cannot achieve legitimate ways of success. These individuals seek out a means to achieve this social mobility by selling drugs, or cultivating drugs to make financial gain. Others may be a product of their environment and may be shaped in a certain fashion that leads them to crime. These lower-class societies are oppressed by capitalism. Most individuals seek out a better life and have the American Dream, but that dream is only a reality for very few within poorer communities. From a historical view, looking at the War on Drugs, it has always been a racial divide. The War on Drugs has almost always been a war on race, not drugs. From the beginning of written drug laws that have been enforced, they have always targeted a race. For example, first the target was towards the Chinese immigrants in California with the opium ban in San Francisco in 1875. Moreover, after that the Hispanics from Mexico were targeted and blamed, hence came the Marijuana Tax Act in 1937. When the opium ban was enacted, white middle-class and upper-class men felt that white women belonging in these classes were being seduced by the opium dens. However, these opium dens were used by a small percentage of Oriental immigrants and white women of the upper-class did not frequent these establishments. White men created an outrage in the public eye and the first anti-opium legislation was passed. The opium legislation that was passed in 1937 can be directly attributed to racism, white conser vative men were scared and felt threatened by the Chinese cultures and ways so they moved to alienate them as well as have them moved out of the United States territories. Racism is still a key contributor to the War on Drugs, individuals such as Donald Trump made racism the backbone of his campaign. Trump focused on Mexico, claiming that they are rapists and drug dealers, calling them bad hombres. Additionally, the political platform was used to divide the United States and create a myth that minority immigrants, mostly consist of drug dealers and law breaking offenders. Statistical data shows differently, according to Philip Bump from the Washington Post: [D]ata from the census and a wide range of other empirical studies show that for every ethnic group without exception, incarceration rates among young men are lowest for immigrants, even those who are the least educated. This holds true especially for the Mexicans, Salvadorans and Guatemalans, who make up the bulk of the undocumented population. (Ruben Rumbaut, University of California, 2008. Published by the Police Foundation.) Donald Trumps campaign directly targeted, discriminated, alienated, and generalized a whole group of individuals. A Functional Perspective The question needs to be asked, why does the United States continue the War on Drugs? Drugs contribute to the economy in numerous ways. Prisoners within the correction departments help the private institutions with financial gain by producing products for around twenty-five cents an hour. These prisoners are capitalist slaves; they do rigorous work at minimum costs for companies that make immense profits off of these products. In addition, another contributing factor of the drug war is the jobs it creates: police officers, judges, correctional officers, drug testing companies, etc. Robert Mertons theory of structural function is seen within these institutions, the institutions serve a purpose of keeping offenders out of the public and in return the offenders do labor for business and are paid a subsistent wage. The institutional workers (the quasi group) all fulfill their roles in society by performing the tasks and maintenance required within these institutions. The main purpose for the continuance of the drug war is the economic gain within society. Conclusion The War on Drugs has been going on for years, it may have started out racially directed but in the modern era it has shifted to target both racial minorities and the lower-class in society. This war has created social class conflict as well as racial conflict and these conflicts will continue well into the future, unless institutions are stopped from making a financial gain. References Bump, Philip. Surprise! Donald Trump is Wrong about Immigrants and Crime. 2 July 2015. The Washington Post. Print. 2 February 2017. George Ritzer, Jeffery Stepnisky. Classical Theories, Emile Durkheim: From Mechanical to Organic Solidarity. George Ritzer, Jeffery Stepnisky. Contemporary Sociolgical Theory and Its Classical Roots. New York, Ny: McGraw-Hill, 2013. 15-19. Print. George Ritzer, Jeffery Stepnisky. Classical Theories: Karl Marx, From Capitalsim to Communism. George Ritzer, Jeffery Stepnisky. Contemporary Sociolgical Theories and Its Classical Roots. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2013. 21-30. Print. George Ritzer, Jeffery Stepnisky. Contemporary Grand Theories, Structural Functionalism. George Ritzer, Jeffery Stepnisky. Contemporary Sociolgical Theories and Its Classical Roots. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2013. 72-88. Print. Goode, Erich. A History of Drug Control. Goode, Erich. Drugs In American Society. New York, Ny: McGraw-Hill, 2015. 40-47. Print.