The Best of the Worst Caligula Nero - 1250 Words

Ancient Roman History The Best of the Worst: Caligula Nero â€Å"Such opposed vices, both the greatest arrogance and the greatest timidity, were to be found in the same person† (Caligula, 51). Suetonius’ quotation is vital in composing a description of a poor emperor based on the detestable characters of Caligula and Nero. It appears that both Caligula and Nero suffered from acute vanity due to their overwhelming insecurities. To appease their insecurity, both men must assert themselves superior to their predecessors rather than honoring them. To achieve this, Caligula and Nero violate the precedence of Augustus by disrespecting the Senate and pursuing a civil policy defined by cruelty and corruption. Suetonius decorates the†¦show more content†¦This disrespect is again demonstrated by Suetonius recounting a time when Caligula made senators â€Å"run in their togas alongside his military chariot for several miles† (Caligula, 26). Caligula’s cruelty can only provide an explanation for this act. He had sen ators plot to kill other senators and even â€Å"confiscated [the] family insignia† of some senatorial families (Caligula, 35). Nero was no less atrocious in his relations with senators. He carried â€Å"neither discrimination nor restraint in putting to death whoever he wished† (Nero, 37). And Nero was â€Å"bent on death for the all the most illustrious† (Nero, 36), even threatening to â€Å"dispose of the entire order† (Nero, 37). If only Augustus were alive to advise Caligula and Nero on when to kill senators and when to honor them. Yet, the distinction must be made that Augustus was brutal to senators in order to gain power not to maintain it. Augustus improved from the errors of Caesar and was dependent on the support of the Senate to enact the principate. He was considerate of the Senate’s intentions and was freely available to listen to their advice. Caligula and Nero ignored the voice of the Senate and attempted to silence it to satisfy th eir insecure and violent natures. Their violent natures could not be contained to act just upon the Senate. Both men were cruel to equestrian class and to the general people of the empire. Caligula had some equestrians â€Å"disfigured with marks of

Is The Woman Struggle For Words - 1328 Words

Truly a beautiful house and with all your... I can see the woman struggle for words. Staff, I supply. Yes, but how do your parents afford it? She s trying so hard not to let her curiosity show. Not hard enough. Well, my mother doesn t work currently, I see her eyes flash with both hatred and want, and my father works with business. He s the reason for our wealth. I answer vaguely. Oh, I see, she comments, her lustful eyes straying to find my father, I understand how difficult it must be for your father to travel all the way here and not know any one, so you must inform him if he needs any help, business or personal, she adds the last word provocatively. I m always available. Yes and so are prostitutes, except they charge a fee for their dignity. She couldn t manage to hide her longing for our home and my mothers place in our family. Bitch, if you touch my father or bother my mother in any way, I. will. end. you. But sadly I can t say that, so instead I obruptly leave, searching for my father so he can throw her out. I find him with mom talking to four other men, all wearing expensive attire. I walk up to them slowly, in order to listen to the conversation. It must be difficult keeping everything in order. States the chubby, bald man holding a flute of champain. What do you mean? My mother asks. Well you have an astounding amount of wealth as we all have noticed, he states gesturing to the house and my fathers clothes. Over twenty staffShow MoreRelated Comparing Women in Lowell’s Patterns and Sorrell’s From a Correct Address1302 Words   |  6 PagesThe Struggle of Women in Lowell’s Patterns and Sorrell’s From a Correct Address       Woman is not born, feminist Andrea Dworkin wrote. She is made. In the making, her humanity is destroyed. She becomes symbol of this, symbol of that: mother of the earth, slut of the universe; but she never becomes herself because it is forbidden for her to do so. Dworkin’s quote relates to women throughout history who have been forced to conform. Although women can be regarded highly in society, representingRead MoreThe Moral Of The Poems By Mary Oliver, The Greed And Philip Levine s What Work Is1267 Words   |  6 PagesLife is not always easy, at some point people struggle in their life. People who are in lower class have to struggle for a job every day and people who are in upper class having their own problem to deal with. These ideas are very clear in Mary Oliver â€Å"Singapore† and Philip Schultz â€Å"The Greed† and Philip Levine â€Å"What Work Is†. In Singapore a woman works at airport and her job is to clean bathroom and in The Greed Hispa nic get a job first before white and black because they take lower wages. All threeRead MorePhenomenal Woman by Maya Angelou674 Words   |  3 PagesThe title of the poem is ‘Phenomenal Woman’. Phenomenal is not a word which is often used to describe a woman. One would hear a woman described as beautiful or pretty but the word phenomenal is telling us that this is no ordinary woman, she is special and outstanding. The poem starts off with the words ‘pretty woman’ which makes us realise that this phenomenal woman would not be regarded as pretty in the eyes of society. The poet then describes the woman who is normally appreciated by society: ‘ImRead MoreSymbolism In Praying By Artist Kesha1083 Words   |  5 Pagesafraid of what is to come. Unfortunately, in today’s world, being a woman can come with many struggles and does not always leave one radiating with strength or dignity. It fact, it can make one fear the future even more. In her music video entitled â€Å"Praying,† artist Kesha addresses these very issues. In â€Å"Praying,† Kesha suggests that she has found a new identity and hope in a higher power having endured the struggles being a woman in today s world can bring. She does this through the imagery of beingRead MoreEssay on The Other Lover680 Words   |  3 Pagespersonification to show how her relationship is doomed because of war. The poem shows how war can change a man who was once confident and unaffected by pain, into one who accepts death without a struggle. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In this sonnet, death is personified and shown as the speaker’s opponent in a struggle for her lover. Death is described as being coquettish and possessive. These attributes are used to describe death because they show how hard it would be to overcome this opponent. The descriptionsRead More Abandonment and Struggle on a Farm1327 Words   |  6 Pagesof the man and him only, in the first stanza of the poem suggests that he is the cause of everything observed throughout the poem. An ominous tone is immediately introduced through the use of the word ‘broken’ in the second line and its appearance again in the fifth line. The repetitive use of the word is suggestive of a broken f amily and household. As the head of the household, the poem describes the man as a big, ‘god-fearing’ man who is religious. However, the line â€Å"but not a man for farming†Read MoreFeminist Witches and Poetry1525 Words   |  7 Pagesthan just their love of poetry, they both incorporated female struggles and feminist ideas into their poetry. In a close reading of the poems Her Kind, by Anne Sexton and Anorexic, by Eavan Boland, the themes and the overall feel and struggles of the characters in both poems are very similar; they both use historical and biblical references that demean women and they both use strong female stereotypes that are going through personal struggles. Both characters are empowered through their defeat or self-destructionRead MoreAllegory Of The Cave In Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1565 Words   |  7 Pages Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave† is considered a model for Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, because of the struggles and revelations of the prisoner. Guy Montag is the prisoner in the novel. His society, with the fake reality, has caused him to undergo a series of struggles and revelations as he ascends. The novel and the allegory relate because the allegory is an outline for what the novel is.The allegory has a prisoner stage, the bonfire stage and an above ground stage. Montag went from being prisonerRead MoreA Common Theme Of Death Emerges1518 Words   |  7 Pagesher struggles with at least one mental illness. After numerous suicide attempts, Plath eventually succumbed to her depression and killed herself in 1963 at thirty years old. 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“Success is ninety-nine percent failure.” †Soichiro Honda Free Essays

Firstly, there are many standards in defining â€Å"success†. According to the Dictionary. com, success is the attainment of wealth, position, honors, or the like. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Success is ninety-nine percent failure.† – Soichiro Honda or any similar topic only for you Order Now It means that each person has his or her level of success, which means some people would think they are success when they earn a large amount of money; some would prefer a high social status; some would consider as having a happy family or achieved their personal goal. â€Å"Failure†, on the other hand, it is a feeling that people are disappointed when their goal or achievement cannot be reached. To be able to reach achievements, failure could be use as a stepping-stone toward success. In other words, â€Å"Failure is the mother of innovation. † The underlying implication shows that each failure is a step along the road to success. People should experience what they have learnt from failure; once they failed they could use the failure as a lesson and learn from what they have failed, use it to gain experience and move toward success. For instance, every person cannot run before they learn how to walk, and they must have the feeling of pain for improvement, and they also need to learn how to stand up wherever they fell. Thomas Edison said,† Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration. † He had tried more than 1000 experiments before he came up with a successful invention. His deafness did not disturb him from investing, and he did not give up and even thought the deafness could help him more concentrate. His example is one of the best to represent that one should never give up before success. If this quote put into marketing, one marketing strategy will not bring us to be success and never be the best way to run a business. As the market keeps changing internationally from time to time, companies should not give up to innovate new strategies to fulfill customers’ needs or improve their products regarding the market changes. When the companies suffered from economic downturn, some of them will choose to close down; however, some of hem will try to develop new market strategies to stay in the market if they can think from other aspects. Conclusion In conclusion, â€Å"Success is ninety-nine percent failure† is extremely related to human beings, it is because everyone may not be successful if they do not failed in their life. Everyone has different meaning of success, but people should not give up when they failed, they should to have solution to overcome problems. How to cite â€Å"Success is ninety-nine percent failure.† – Soichiro Honda, Papers

Difference between Accounting & Auditing-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.What are the Objectives of Financial Statement 2.Discuss the differences between Accounting and Auditing. Answers: Introduction A literature review have been given on managements assertion and the differences between accounting and auditing is being discussed. The objective behind this literature review is to develop a learners ability on managements assertion, a clear view of objectives of financial statement in auditing terms, a detailed discussion of differences of auditing and accounting has been done (Siagian, Siregar, and Rahadian, 2013). The management assertions are defined on the basis of existence, completeness, its valuation and presentation. The impacts of auditing which helps to improve the firms performance have been discussed here under (Haji, 2014). Objectives of Financial Statement The general purpose of preparing financial statement for the year is to provide few information about the financial position and financial performance of the entity to the third party users in order to make informed economic decisions. According to the author Noor Adwa Sulaiman, Zarina Zakaria and University Malaya. They have mentioned in the chapter that the objectives of financial statement in auditing is to ensure the reliability of the financial statements that they are made in with the compliance of accounting standards and Financial Reporting Act 1997 which has establish the foundation of this act and based on Malaysian Accounting Standards Board (MASB); Though each statement has its own particular objective to serve but they are interconnected that the sole purpose of statement can be fulfilled and looked as a whole not to be considered separately. The financial statement should depict true and fair value of the organizations financial position and it should be free from the m aterial misstatements. Also it showcases the flow of cash of the organization which affects the financial performance of the entity. The statement shows the company affairs which are regulated by the Companies Act 1965; so that third party users can rely upon the financial statement of the company and the entity itself can make economic decisions (Weil, Schipper, and Francis, 2013). Difference between Accounting and Auditing Generally, when the process of accounting ends and the auditing process begins for the sole purpose of defining the true and fair view of books of accounts. It is basically an activity of recording, preparing, classifying and presenting the financial statements. Accounting is used to keep the track of monetary transactions and audit on the other hand means an inspection of the books of accounts and the financial statement of an entity with an intention to reveal the fact that at what extent does financial statement is giving a fair picture of an organization. According to the author the distinction between accounting and auditing is that, accounting is a process of recording, classifying and summarizing the transactions or events in a manner that fulfilment of the purpose of providing financial statement to third party users for decision making (Yu-Shu, Chyi-Lin, and Altan-Uya, 2015). Whereas audit is a process of improving the trustworthiness of financial statements. A thorough unde rstanding of accounting principles and the rules of law is must in evaluating the relevancy of financial information that the statements are depicting the true value of an organization. The economic events that have been occurred in the accounting period are also covered in by the auditors while auditing (Wang, and Huang, 2014). The standards and procedures of accounting and auditing are correlated. This integrated system of both help managing the accounts of a company. The application of GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles) is only being determined by applying the auditing procedures in companys financial statements. According to the author Weirich, (Weirich, Pearson, and Churyk, 2013). In his Accounting and auditing research, accounting is one studied language of business whose purpose is to provide economic activities carried on by the entity. It captures the day to day monetary transactions of business by classifying those transactions into groups and summarize them in a way that in case of urgency one can refer to them easily. Thereafter analyzing the results of financial statement made and communicate the same to the interesting parties. The key function of accounting is to help in decision making by providing material information of financial nature. There are varied field of accounting namely Cost Accounting, Management Accounting, Human Resource Accounting, so it can be said that the scope of accounting is wide in nature. Objectives of Accounting are maintaining proper record in Journal, Ledger books and Trial Balance and determining the profitability position from these records by prepar ing Trading and Profit Loss Account. Lastly, Balance Sheet is prepared to showcase the financial position of the entity, as it provides necessary information regarding insolvency and liquidity position to the interested parties (Turner, 2013). On the other hand, auditing is known to be a methodical procedure of examining financial information with an intention of giving an opinion about the truthfulness and fairness of the financial statement. Auditing is critical in nature and an unbiased thorough investigation of each and every aspect starting from vouchers, receipts, account books that needs to be verified with an objective of spotting the reliability and validity of the financial statement. A detailed scrutiny is done to detect frauds, errors and manipulation if any. The accuracy and transparency is being inspected in compliance with the accounting principles and standards. After all the inspection of books of accounts and financial records, auditor gives his opinion in the form of a report. The report made by the auditor for the person who has appointed auditor to carry on the auditing process in his organization (Brooks, Cheng, and Reichelt, 2013). The report are of two types called as Unmodified and Modified, it can be conducted internally and externally depending upon the requirements of organization. If management wants to improve their accounting as well as internal control systems then auditor is appointed to do auditing internally within a specific time decided by directors (Cassell, Drake, and Dyer, 2014). The external auditor is appointed by the shareholders of the company because they are the interested parties who need the true and fair picture of financial statement to make formed economic decision for the company. The scope of Auditing is not as wide as of Accounting. It is being concluded from the articles and theory given by the mentioned authors that: Accounting is more of a simplified task whereas Auditing is a complex one. The purpose of accounting is revealing the profitability position and performance of an entity where auditing is done to check the correctness and detect errors and frauds in the financial statement. Auditing seems to be a periodic activity unlike accounting which is a continuous activity. Auditing governs auditing and accounting is governed by Accounting principles and standards. Accounting is an orderly preparations of monetary transactions and on the other hand auditing is an analytical task involves evaluation of financial statement independently (Farouk, and Hassan, 2014). Review of Management Assertions The definition pounded by the author Leow that Management Assertions are mere representations in the annual report made through the financial statements (Leow, and Khong, 2015). The directors do so to discharge their responsibility towards shareholders of the company. These representations may be implicit or explicit by the management which are exemplified in the financial reports of the company. These assertions are broadly classified into five categories which are as follows: Existence; Completeness; Allocation; Presentations or Disclosures. These assertions are further explained by Leow in his journal article where author tried to explain Management assertions are the claims made by members in relation to certain aspects of a company. When audit is conducted, auditors rely on the variety of assertions in regard to business. The concept of management assertions is to provide a source while applying audit procedure in the company. But before applying such assertions, auditors make sure by conducting audit tests on given assertions and check the reliability of these assertions. Management assertions are further classified into three levels named as Transaction-level assertions, Account balance assertions and Presentation and disclosure assertions. In Transaction-level assertions, the assertions are related to transaction which are mostly in relation to income statement and they are as follows: Existence: Here the accuracy in assertions is measured in a way that it detects the error presented in transactions and the existence of reported assets and liabilities whether they exist at the balance sheet date or not or occurred in the period which was covered by financial statement. Completeness: Every transaction and account must be complete and there should not be any undisclosed assets, transactions or liabilities. Valuation: All transactions and assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses must be valued properly. Presentation: The transactions must be presented in a proper way and disclosed all the facts necessary in the financial statements of the organization (Sayyar, Basiruddin, Rasid, and Sayyar, 2014). In Account balance assertion, the assertions related to the end balance of accounts and mainly relates with the balance sheet only. Existence: The account balances must exist for assets, liabilities and equity. Completeness: Here the assertion is that the balances of all assets, equity and liabilities must be completed and fully reported. Valuation: The balances of asset, liabilities and equity should have been recorded properly at their exact valuations. Rights and obligations: The rights and obligations under this assertion is that the entity has all the rights and obligations over assets and liabilities (MBA, 2013). In Presentation and disclosure assertion, the information under financial statement must be presented and disclosed with the compliance of accounting standards. Accuracy: All the information presented in financial statement should be disclosed correctly in terms of amounts and time period, proper values along with it. Completeness: The assertion here is that the transactions that needs to be disclosed must be there with the disclosure and an explanation with the same. Occurrence: The assertion in here is that the transactions which are recorded and have been disclosed, must be occurred specifying the time they had occurred. Understandability: The information which includes financial statements has been presented appropriately which is clearly understandable and with no question of doubts (Martinez, and de Jesus Moraes, 2014). The author said in a clear way these assertions may sound almost same or may show repetition in the types of assertions which are categorize in three levels. Although they are repetitive in nature but they do carry a different aspect of the financial statements. As discussed they carry these three sets accordingly, the first set which is related to income statement and the second set to the balance sheet. Lastly, the third set to the presentations and disclosures (Mahzan, and Binti Hassan, 2015). It is the responsibility of senior management to provide auditor appointed the letter containing management assertions. Because without the management assertions the auditor cannot proceed with the audit activities (Kwon, Lim, and Simnett, 2014). The management assertion letter is sort of an indicator that the management practices are engaged in fraud in the preparation of financial statements. The letter makes auditor able to perform their task in an orderly and well manner with a quite intensive examination to detect errors at the first place only. Management assertions are a sufficient evidence to support the audit procedure and every material component of financial statements. Implications of auditing on Firms performance Author Knechel (Knechel, and Salterio, 2016) has said in his study that there are few implications of audit on firms performance. Researcher supported the theory of auditing that how auditors help and contribute to a companys audit system in various ways. These implications are as follows: Fulfilment of business objectives: An effective audit system enables the firm to pursue their corporate objectives. Varied business processes need internal controls matching to the business processes and facilitate monitoring, supervising and detecting, preventing errors or irregular transactions at the point of occurrence. Later they measure the ongoing performance and maintain required business records to make improvement by correcting irregularities if any. In this way audit affects firms performance. Assessment of risk misstatement: In order to create reliable financial reports for many purposes there is a requirement of system of internal controls, where auditors assess financial statements to found out the risk of misstatement. This assessment help firm to allocate their resources in a profitable segment or product lines which is of great importance for a firm (Mahamud, and Salad, 2013). Prevention of frauds: Auditing serves an important aspect to companies by preventing frauds and errors. A periodic analysis of operations in a company and maintain a rigorous systems of internal control can help detect, prevent varied forms of frauds and other irregularities in accounts. For the purpose of preventing frauds at an earlier stage of its occurrence there is an high need of audit professionals who would design and modify the internal control system. The implications of such modified internal control system come as profitable and smooth flow of business activities also it helps in gaining the trust of interested third parties. An effective audit system in firm will not allow an employee to attempt any kind of fraud scheme (Nyakundi, Nyamita, and Tinega, 2014). Cost of Capital: Regardless of the size of a company the cost of capital is an important key aspect for a company. The cost of capital comprises high amount of risk associated with the investment. Higher the investment is, the requirement of investor will be higher rate of return in order to invest. Only a rigid and strong audit system can reduce the varied forms of risk in a firm. As discussed above, it will also reduce the risk of material misstatement in financial statement (Ojong, 2014). Whereas the risk of misappropriation of assets, fraud and risk of insufficient information in management process can be reduced by an effective audit system in a firm. Conclusions From the Literature review, there are several researchers who have seem to found out that audit and financial performance of an organization are inter-related. It is concluded after confirming from the empirical evidence that was obtained from the research. However it can be seen that there are very few studies done on this study. References Brooks, L., Cheng, A., and Reichelt, K. (2013). Audit Firm Tenure and Audit Quality: Evidence from US Firms. In CAAA Anual Conference. Cassell, C. A., Drake, M. S., and Dyer, T. A. (2014). Stakeholder Reliance on Audited Reports, Audit Fees, and Auditor Litigation Risk. Farouk, M. A., and Hassan, S. U. (2014). Impact of Audit Quality and Financial performance of Quoted Cement Firms in Nigeria. International journal of Accounting and Taxation, 01- 22. Haji, A. A. (2014). The Relationship between Corporate Governance Attributes and Firm Performance Before and After the Revised Code: Some Malaysian Evidence. International Journal of Commerce and Management. 24(2), 3-3. Knechel, W. R., and Salterio, S. E. (2016). Auditing: Assurance and risk. Taylor Francis. Kwon, S. Y., Lim, Y., and Simnett, R. (2014). The Effect of Mandatory Audit Firm Rotation on Audit Quality and Audit Fees: Empirical Evidence from the Korean Audit Market. AUDITING: A Journal of Practice Theory. 33(4), 167-196. Leow, K. L., and Khong, K. W. (2015). Organizational commitment: The study of organizational justice and leader-member exchange (LMX) among auditors in Malaysia. International journal of business and information, 4(2). Mahamud, I. A., and Salad, M. D. (2013). Internal auditing and operational risk management for some selected remittance companies in Mogadishu- Somalia. African Journal of Business Management, 3374-3380. Mahzan, N. S., and Binti Hassan, N. A. (2015). Internal Audit of Quality in 5s Environment: Perception on critical Factors, Effectiveness and Impact on Organizational Performance. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, 92-102. Martinez, A. L., and de Jesus Moraes, A. (2014). Association Between Independent Auditor Fees and Firm Value: A Study of Brazilian Public Companies. Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing. 10(4), 442-450. MBA, A. (2013). Mandatory Audit Firm Rotation and Audit Quality in Nigerian Deposit Money Banks. Nyakundi, D. O., Nyamita, M. O., Tinega, T. M. (2014). Effect of internal control system on financial performance of small and medium scale business enterprises in Kisumu City Kenya. International Journal of Social Sciences and Entrepreneurship, 276-309 Ojong, E. N. (2014). The Effect of Internal Audit Function on the Financial Performance of Tertiary Institution in Nigeria. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 340-389. Sayyar, H., Basiruddin, R., Rasid, S. Z. A., and Sayyar, L. (2014). Mandatory Audit Firm and Audit Partner Rotation. European Journal of Business and Management. 6(26), 80-83. Siagian, F., Siregar, S. V., and Rahadian, Y. (2013). Corporate Governance, Reporting Quality, and Firm Value: Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies. 3(1), 4-20. Turner, E. R. (2013). Understanding Internal Control Relevant to the Audit- The Function of a Walk-Through. International Accounting Journal, 452 (123), 120-134. Wang, Y.-F., and Huang, Y.-T. (2014). How Do Auditors Increase Substantially Firm Value? International Journal of Economics and Finance. 6(10), p76. Weil, R. L., Schipper, K., and Francis, J. (2013). Financial accounting: an introduction to concepts, methods and uses. Cengage Learning. Weirich, T. R., Pearson, T. C., and Churyk, N. T. (2013). Accounting and Auditing Research: Tools and Strategies. Wiley Global Education. Yu-Shu, P., Chyi-Lin, H., and Altan-Uya, D. (2015). Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Financial Performance: The Intervening Effect of Social Capital. Journal of Advanced Management Science Vol. 3(4).

Arrhenius Acid Definition and Examples

Arrhenius Acid Definition and Examples An Arrhenius acid is a substance that dissociates in  water to form hydrogen ions or protons. In other words, it increases the number of H ions in the water. In contrast, an Arrhenius base dissociates in water to form hydroxide ions, OH-. The H ion is also associated with the water molecule in the form of a hydronium ion, H3O and follows the reaction: acid H2O → H3O conjugate base What this means is that, in practice, there arent free hydrogen cations floating around in aqueous solution. Rather, the extra hydrogen forms hydronium ions. In more discussions, the concentration of hydrogen ions and hydronium ions are considered interchangeable, but its more accurate to describe hydronium ion formation. According to the Arrhenius description of acids and bases, the water molecule consists of a proton and a hydroxide ion. The acid-base reaction is considered a type of neutralization reaction where the acid and base react to yield water and a salt. Acidity and alkalinity describe the concentration of hydrogen ions (acidity) and hydroxide ions (alkalinity). Examples of Arrhenius Acids A good example of an Arrhenius acid is hydrochloric acid, HCl. It dissolves in water to form the hydrogen ion and chlorine ion: HCl → H (aq) Cl- (aq) Its considered an Arrhenius acid because the dissociation increases the number of hydrogen ions in the aqueous solution. Other examples of Arrhenius acids include sulfuric acid (H2SO4), hydrobromic acid (HBr),  and nitric acid (HNO3). Examples of Arrhenius bases include sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH).

Monster A critical analysis Essays

Monster A critical analysis Essays Monster A critical analysis Essay Monster A critical analysis Essay Essay Topic: Film Monster is possibly the most powerful film anyone could ever wish to see. In terms of using a punch to deliver its message this film is the Tyson of this cinematic generation of films. This movie pushes the boundaries of thematic content and attempts to do what few films are brave enough to do, i. e. humanise a serial killer. It is the performance, if calling it that does it enough justice, of Charlise Theron, which makes this boundary pushing not only possible, but also successful. This essay will take a look at this complex story and attempt to examine its relationship with the plot, specifically how the plot is constructed and how it distinctly tells this story. In attempting to create a film like monster, the filmmakers are faced with very real challenges. Now every film it can be said, is challenging to make, but a film this complex, this real, and this emotionally demanding is always going to be tricky. The filmmakers are trying to portray a specific message, that is to say monster is very thematic in its story content. It takes a look at the influences in a persons life, which might possibly lead up to that person going so far as to commit murder. The danger with this is that it could come across as though the film is justifying the murders. I feel that Patty Jenkins manages to strike a balance between overly sympathising with Aileen and making us judge her, rather giving some sense of understanding. She does this by showing Aileens human side and by telling her very complex story in a passionate, real, often hard-hitting way. The problem with telling a biographic story is that the real plot might not naturally fit a specific plot structure, but the filmmakers have managed (however accurately, Im not sure) to construct the plot of Monster in an incredibly detailed, thoughtful and emotionally engaging way. While the story itself spans perhaps twenty years, the plot highlights the most dramatic events and constructs them in such a way, in such an order so as to drive home the themes and messages of Monster in the most accessible and poignant way. The first act begins with the young Aileen. Aided by the voice over narration we learn some of the necessary background information, detailing Aileens tragic childhood. We are given clues as to how and why she started prostituting herself as well as her social/economic background. These all lay a strong foundation from which the story and our understanding can be built on. The first few scenes of the young Aileen hook us into the story. We hear about how Aileen dreamed of becoming famous, of rising out of her situation. They also hint toward the tone and mood, i. e. the genre of the film. It is through this clever use of narration that we can closely identify with, i. e. become familiar with her attitude to life, her world and history of dilemmas. We hear how she always wanted to be taken to a new life, and would do anything (anyone) who she thought might help her get where she wanted to go. These words echo with us as we dissolve forward to the life of the adult Aileen, leaving us to fill in some of the gaps, guessing how messed up her life must have got. We enter Aileens adult life with a lonely shot of her sitting by the highway. This is very appropriate as the previous shot was of her as a teenage girl getting into the car of a strange man on the side of a main road. We can guess that this pattern has been ongoing and we pick up with the adult her having just finished with a client. Soon thereafter the plot takes us right into the inticing incident. In a lonely roadside bar we meet Salvie, a lesbian girl who herself has been searching for something, love and understanding. It is this confrontational meeting of Salvie and Aileen which propels the plot forward. It introduces a brand new element into Aileens life, which sets it off on a changed course we later learn that she was contemplating suicide. At first Aileen is unsure of her how she feels about Sylvie, but it is after Sylvie has invited her out that night, that she realises she has potentially found the friend she never had and always wanted. They go out to the ice rink and soon find themselves involved in a passionate love-making session outside. Suddenly Aileen has found direction. She wants nothing more than to be with Sylvie. This leads up to the first act climax and first major turning point. Aileen returns to the highways to ply her trade, in order to make much needed money. A dubious looking customer soon picks her up. Then in a very disturbing scene, he beats and sodomises her. She manages to free herself and using his gun, shoots him, and then drives off with his car and money. This plot point sets the scene for the rest of the movie. Aileen has committed murder. The atrocities committed to her fuel her hatred for men, which will motivate her to continue her murder spree. She also discovers a means to make lots of money. She also has a goal, for the major plot of the movie is surrounding her murders, indeed, the Sylivie/Aileen plot is also a major plot, but the two plots are so intermingled that it is hard to see them as mutually exclusive. Nonetheless, this climax takes us straight into act two, as Aileen Rushes to make her appointment with Sylvie. After some convincing Sylvie agrees to run away with her and spend at least one week with her. There is a lull in the pace as we see a montage of them renting a hotel, going out, living the dream life they had both always wanted. But soon there is a minor set back. Sylvie goes home to get some cloths and is confronted by her aunt who reprimands her. Sylvie manages to not be deterred and passes the test of her character growth (or de-growth) as she chooses to go her own way with Aileen. Then comes another plot point. In an emotional, reminiscing scene, Aileen tells Sylvie how she always wanted to be president and that she was once told that all you need in life is Love and to believe in yourself. This motivates Aileen to go out and look for a real job. She is extremely unsuccessful and the old Aileen resurfaces as she loses her cool with an obnoxious potential employer. Straight thereafter Aileen is picked up by a corrupt cop who forces her into a sexual favour. These two scenes refocus the plot. We can see that Aileen can do nothing but prostitute herself and they also re-affirm her hatred for men, which will drive her onto more murders. By about the half-way point of the movie, Aileen reaches a point of no return. In a previous confrontational scene in which Sylvie accuses her of not providing for them, Aileen had told Sylvie about the first murder, but she agrees to go out and whore for money. The point of no return comes when in a car with the guy; she hesitates, hesitates, then pulls out her gun and shoots him. She is now a murderer. She knows again what her goal is; survival by murder. She feels that she is doing it for Sylvie and indeed shows us that she loves her in her own way. In a powerfully passionate scene and no-return point in the Sylvie/Aileen plot, Aileen tells Sylvie that she loves her and the two make love. The rest of act two involves a few more murders and some set backs in their relationship. Sylvie goes out to the bar attempting to meet new people, and upsets Aileen. They go to funworld and things look on track once again, as they also make plans for their trip to the Florida Keys. All good times must come to an end, and this happens as, in what is in my opinion the act two climax, they have a car crash and end up on the run. Aileen tells her about the murders and they now have a new clearly defined goal, that is to avoid capture. Act three especially the last fifteen minutes are extremely intense and engaging. The story continues as previous but at a more intense and emotionally engaging level. Sylvie in a surprising and lady MacBeth look a like scene, tells Aileen that she just needs to carry on killing as they need to live. In the most extreme depiction of the murders, Aileen kills a John who was very benign and just wished to help her. Then she mistakenly kills a cop. They realise that things are getting out of hand and Aileen sends Sylvie on ahead or home (not sure) so that she can meet up with her later. She is ultimately however picked up by the cops. The film doesnt relent there as we are dragged ever closer by the power mostly of Charlises performance and specifically the parallel editing in the jail scene. Aileen and Sylvie have a phone conversation, and they both profess their undying love. Matching the very subtle, slow camera movement away from Sylvie, is her ever more dubious questioning. It is a very sudden, very tragic moment when the pennie drops and at various times the audience become aware of the betrayal, albeit understandable, taking place. It is even more tragic to see Aileens response as she admits solely to the murders, saving her only true love of any punishment, thus conveying beautifully the films major theme of the desperation love can drive you to. In the final shot of Aileen being led to the electric chair, her narration is heard. The last hard-hitting message comes as, commenting on something she had heard when she was young about reaching your dreams, she says cynically I guess they have to tell you something. Upon first watching it, I failed to realise how structured this movie actually was. But it is through movies like this that my faith in the Hollywood formula is being reborn. This movie is by no means boring, tiresome or old. It is just perfectly structured. From the first frame it grabs you by the collar and engages you in a two-hour ride of emotions. It is an incredibly difficult story to tell. It deals with issues that many feel are better left undelt with and thus does not appeal to everyone. We are not forced to like Aileen. There are constant emotional checks that cause us to examine our sentiments. Indeed we can pity her, but not necessarily forgive or excuse her behaviour. What this movie does do and I feel this was the filmmakers intention is get us to think a little harder about our own life, our treatment of others our place in society and those less fortunate than us. It also makes us think a bit more before judging someones actions, as we dont necessarily understand their background. It makes us question what a monster is, and if indeed a monster is ever a monster or just someone similar to us who has had a life to tough for them to handle. The judgements to these philosophies are left up to the audience to make, but the reason theses themes and questions are put across so powerfully in this story is definitely in large part as a result of the construction of the totally engaging plot.

Management effective worplace relationship Essay

Management effective worplace relationship - Essay Example This can lead to the third step in the relationship of mutual respect. A respecting relationship demands each person to contribute enough respect that it can be reciprocated back from the other person. Jose lack the skills of communication and hence his collogues don’t have real understanding and mutual respect. Unilateral respect in relationships is temporary and superficial. Mutual respect that can lead to trust is much deeper and must come from communicated understanding. Once a relationship has experienced mutual respect it is possible for the participants to experience enduring relational trust. This is a feeling that binds people together over time and through trials. The absence of trust causes confusion, worry, inaction and fear (Buzzle.com, 2006). Ans 2. Many of the problems that occur in an organization are the direct result of people failing to communicate. It leads to confusion and can cause a good plan to fail. Communication is one of the most key elements of leadership. Good communication skills need to be learned to effectively become a good leader or manager. When communication occurs, it becomes easy to accurately convey relevant operational information and thoughts to the team members. In this case Jose withheld some information and delayed giving other information to Jacinta and Toby because he thought that if the complete information is passed on he will not have any value. He lacked self confidence and lacked leadership skills. He also thought that by giving the information late (second day) he would be able to finish his part of work (all paper work), but he lacked the sense of proper time management. He should have thought that if he passes the information to Jacinta and Toby earlier than he does currently, simu ltaneously they could work and save a lot of time. When his team consists of people like

Second Langauge Learning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Second Langauge Learning - Assignment Example In the same way, second language learners of different nationalities find it difficult to produce the voiced consonant of the article â€Å"the† as well as the voiceless counterpart of this article as in â€Å"thin†. Grammatical errors that the learners of second language make can, in part, be attributed to interference between the first language and the second language. Nevertheless, at the phonological level, there is a certain level of reliability. Differences between other languages and English are often the major reason behind the interference. The process of learning is considerably simplified as the phonological differences or similarities between the first language and the second language become greater. Use of contrastive analysis hypothesis in the teaching of second language Inaccuracy of the learner’s language imparts the need for the teacher to ascertain if the error is related to pronunciation or grammar. In spite of all the controversies and critici sms that the use of contrastive analysis as a way of teaching second language has gained, many teachers still find the insights provided by the contrastive analysis hypothesis quite useful and helpful in comprehending the problems commonly faced by the students, and for making students understand what they need to learn. The contrastive analysis hypothesis provides the learners with the awareness of the differences between their first language and the second language. This helps the learners realize what speech habits of their native language can be transferred to the second language. â€Å"It seems desirable, then, that teachers be familiar with the significant differences between the... This essay approves that grammatical errors that the learners of second language make can, in part, be attributed to interference between the first language and the second language. Nevertheless, at the phonological level, there is a certain level of reliability. Differences between other languages and English are often the major reason behind the interference. The process of learning is considerably simplified as the phonological differences or similarities between the first language and the second language become greater. This report makes a conclusion that the interaction hypothesis assumes the learner to be in a continuous cycle of learning. The quality and amount of learning is directly linked with the variety of experiences that the learner has in the everyday life. Learner in the eyes of interaction hypothesis is a person with receptive personality traits. The curiosity of learning is assumed to be ingrained in the learner. However, the quality of learning is fundamentally associated with the hold of the other person in communication with the learner over the second language of the learner. The learner might be able to learn more as a result of the interaction with another individual who is also a non-native speaker of the language in which the communication takes place because the learner can then identify with the communication partner and might thus be better able achieve hold over the weak areas. During the process of communication, the learner negotiates in the second language which reveals gaps in his/her abilities.

Musical Concert Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Musical Concert Summary - Essay Example My preference for music 'intelligent' music was the other but not minor factor. The concert took place at the Campus Center lobby, on Sunday, November 11 and was scheduled to start at 3:15pm. The Trombone Ensemble and Jazz band under the direction of Ronald Stitt presented a total of twelve pieces, with the Trombone Ensemble presenting three and the lively Jazz band the other nine. I arrived to find an almost packed Campus Center Lobby and was soon convinced that this concert was going to be good. The Trombone Ensemble comprising of retired Professor Emeritus of History, Jonathan Helmreich along with some students opened the evening with J.S Bach's "Chorale". As the soul stirring piece filled my being, I took in the intense yet relaxing ambience the melody had created. Clad in their black and white tuxedos, the Ensemble displayed great artistry and mastery of their instruments. The night reached a crescendo for me with the second piece, Mozart's' famous "Ave Verum Corpus". This was already my favorite Mozart work and the performance of the Ensemble was most breathtaking. They rounded up the first half of the concert with another good performance, the Hooper and Magliocco piece "So, You Wanna Play Trombone," After an interlude, the Allegheny College Jazz band opened with Carl Strommen's "The Opener", this lively start ensued for the rest of the performance as the Jazz Band continued with "I remember Clifford" by the soloist Mike Faix, Christina Dastolfo's "In the Wee Small Hours". The concert closed with a standing ovation after the performance of "Superstition", a Mike Tomaro piece. An encore performance of Mozart's "Ave Verum Corpus" was given by the Trombone Ensemble. Concert 2: Recital IV with Pianist Alec Chien My experience with Jazz band and the Trombone experience was rivaled by an earlier episode at Pianist Alec Chien's performance of Beethoven's 32 piano sonatas. The concert which took place at Allegheny College's Shafer Auditorium, was a sixth in a seven-concert series featuring, Chien who was Artist in Residence at Allegheny College. Professor Chien's demonstration of his mastery of Beethoven's work started a little after the pre-announced 7 pm, because the turnout had be underestimated and provisions had to be made to accommodate the eager guests. The last in the series of events is scheduled to be concluded with another free concert in the spring of 2008 at the same venue. The program started with Sonata Number 5 in C Minor, Opus 10 Number1; Chien standing briefly under the lights, bowed briefly before he sat, his delicate touch running through the keys as he concluded this number reminded me of my very first reaction to Beethoven's work; listening, hardly breathing and startled. Chien progressed with the Sonata No. 6 in F Major, Opus 10, No 2 and the Sonata No 7 in D Major, Opus 10, No 3. He delivered with pomp and a nostalgic finality Beethoven's last piano sonata, the Sonata No 32 in C Minor, Opus 111. Chien's performance was greeted by three standing ovations. The concert which was to celebrate Allegheny College family week, left me motivated, spirited and saddened. For me, Beethoven's Sonata's seemed to indicate a familiar despair prevalent in today's world. Chien himself seemed completely taken over by mixed emotions as he took a bow before the applauding audience. Overview The

Puppetry Theater In Pakistan Media Essay

Puppetry Theater In Pakistan Media Essay A couple of months back I attended the Karachi Literary festival, over there I saw puppeteers perform, a nostalgic feeling took over and reminded me of my childhood days when I enjoyed puppet shows with my parents at carnivals, birthday parties, entertainment in school and etc.In fact in primary school level it was almost necessary in our arts and craft class to make hand puppets with socks and develop stories and characters around them. I remember it being very popular even on television, characters like Uncle Sargam and the show Kalian were shown in the 90s on PTV.It was once a vibrant part of our popular culture but with the advent of technological changes, lack of funds and constant development this form of art and its popularity is retreating into darkness. In this dissertation I am going examine the rise and fall of theater puppetry in Pakistan with particular focus on reasons of decline of this industry in comparison to other countries in the subcontinent. I will provide an analysis of the downfall and the efforts of The Raafi Peer Theater to revive puppetry in Pakistan. Literature review: Puppetry captures the imagination and interest of young students and therefore used in many schools in the west and east as a medium to communicate and teach the children. Stories are told and retold through toys, gestures, animals and puppets using dramatic voices and theatrical effects. The popularity of puppets as a method for teaching can be traced for centuries. In the Flemish manuscript The Romance of Alexander, written in 1340, there is an illustration of glove pup- pets. Xenophon and Plutarch mention the use of marionettes. Medieval morality plays are performed by marionettes, and the pup- pets popularity is alluded to by Cervantes and Ben Jonson, Haydn, Mozart and Bach compose brief operas for marionettes in the wealthy court circles of the eighteenth century.  [1]   In Puppetry as an Educative Media Roberta Jane Confino reveals how puppetry can be transformed into an effective media by the educators today.Puppetery is often related to artwork and brings out the creativity in children as it mixes both memory with imagination, it seeks expression rather than true representation.  [2]  It becomes the educators responsibility to guide, encourage and build a rapport with child. The most important function of the teacher in an art room, and perhaps in every other school room also, is to create a creative atmosphere.  [3]   Puppets can be created from various objects such as finger puppets involve paper cut outs and material to fit over a child finger. Hand puppets involve movement of the entire hand with fingers and different areas. Shadow puppets are created when rod puppets are shown on a screen illuminated from behind. Marionettes, or string puppets may be simply worked with one or two strings or they may be made more complex.  [4]  Puppets may be made of materials found around the house or in nature. Painted branches or twisted scraps of wood are the beginning elements of characterization, paper-bag puppets, milk container puppets, puppets with simplistic design, and puppets with detailed color or features.  [5]  These puppets offer great opportunities for diversity, the possibilities are almost endless and Creativity and imagination can flourish  [6]   Technological advancements have also played a major role with animation and computer graphics. These days characters are made on the computer and shown on television catering to a larger audience. Steve Tillis in Art of puppetry in the Age of Media production questions if the figures made of the computer can be termed as puppets and if not what the reasons are for it. Is a person operating a puppet (tangible or virtual) in real-time is doing what puppeteers have always done; but a person working at a keyboard with a virtual puppet-despite the fact that one is controlling the movement of the puppet-does not seem to be engaged in the same activity, despite the fact that the result (i.e., movement of the figure) is the same.  [7]  One might say that the computer has freed the puppet from its dependence on conventional puppeteers, but computers have not freed the puppet from the necessity of human control of one sort or another. Steve Tillis brings the issue of tangibility as computer graphics figures are not tangible, they cannot be touched. However there are striking similarities in the creation of computer graphics figures and puppets: the creation of both involves the construction of a figure, in short, are artificial human constructs designed for manipulation (of one sort or another) by people.  [8]  Despite the similarities, I feel tangibility is a significant part that distinguishes the two. Puppets are as we have known them be thought of as tangible, while computer graphics figures are thought of as virtual puppets. The hands on experience of making the puppet, interacting with it, learning about it, integrating culture and history to it cannot be compared to a figure made on computer. There is a pleasure still to be found in the live performance of a tangible puppet, the direct confrontation between an audience and a living object that is distinct from the particular pleasures of media puppets. Rachel A.Bonney in her article on, Teaching Anthropology through folklore for the Anthropology Education Quarterly brings an anthropological view on the importance of folklore as an educational tool for children and the society as these stories hold value, cultural traditions that are passed on from one generation to the other. In this article Rachel A.Bonney focuses on how storytelling can be used for educational practices not only for children but at college level as well. She has been using this method for the past ten years as a teaching aid in both introductory and advanced anthropology classes.  [9]  She describes three separate uses of folklore: collecting folklore through fieldwork interviewing, analyzing themes in these stories and using folklore through puppetry and plays.  [10]  She points out how folktales are used as sources of information and insights on child-rearing and making them more aware of other cultures and on their morals, traditions and values. However, children are more familiar with their own culture and traditions than of others and therefore she used American or European cultures to analyze folklore material as it is easier and effective to identify and relate. For her study she used Grimms fairy tales such as Hansel and Gretel and Little Red Riding Hood because these two stories are popular in the American culture despite Medieval European origins and cultural change.  [11]  Furthermore she tells us how these stories are dramatized with puppet plays where students make their clothes, give them a face and make the surrounding that are illustrated to make it is culturally appropriate. They may range from stick puppets to socks, scraps of cloth, paper plates etc, and are often performed in a small scale setting and therefore it is cost effective.  [12]  Often additional sounds effects are used for example music, back vocals that are taped to enhance the dramatic presentation. Through background research for script writing students learn about another culture in depth, for example if the students were putting up a puppet show about Ali Baba and the forty thieves they would have to look in to the historical background, the roots of the charactors, what they wore in that time and so on. Rachel A.Bonneys argues that folklore might be seen as high tech in modern America, but her approaches have successfully shown us how Western and non-western values can be integrated to a childs bringing up not only in the literate society but as an effective device in non-literate society  [13]  . She further builds her argument by saying that anthropology is not exclusively an exotic and esoteric discipline for the study of primitive society. Anthropology is not for a few elite, but for everyone.  [14]   Her study on folklore tales is not restricted to the western world but also relatable here in the subcontinent. Much of the puppetry in the sub continent is associated with folklore stories based on historical themes. They hold great pride in their stories as they have been passed on from generations through oral history and have become a central part of identity of tradition and culture. Common folklores in the sub continent are of Heer Rahja,Sassi Pannu and Laila Majnu, these characters are recognized and referred to in their everyday lives. For example when someone is madly in love he will be referred to as Majnu not Shakespeares Romeo. Shakespeareans characters Romeo and Juliet represent undying love such is the case with Laila Majnu. Many additions and subtractions have been made to the story over the years but what remains constant is Majnus love for Laila. Puppets are portrayed differently around the sub continent for example in India they are popular in Tamil Nadu,Orrisa,Andhra Pradesh,Asaam and the West Bengal. They portrayed unique features of the art and are operated through strings attached to the knees, hips, wrists, shoulders that make each and every part of the body move in different directions just as humans do. This method is practiced till today. Thyagaraja Sharma, an English Professor, said that the art dated back to Indus Valley Civilization.  [15]  Excavations of clay dolls from the site were an indication of this long tradition. A lot of information about puppetry was seen in Sangam literature too. They are often religiously portrayed from epics like Mahabarata, Bhuddas life and Raamayana.Besides dealing with religious themes, Indian puppetry also conveys useful messages from Panchat`ntra and other mythological and historical epics.  [16]  Started initially as a medium of entertainment, puppetry became the media for propagation of ideas, dissemination of information, and educating the masses.  [17]   Anna Sobel, a professional puppeteer and an activist was intrigued by a show put up by the Indian puppeteers in the Smithsonian gallery in Washington DC.She spoke to them later and found out that they use puppets for social awareness programs such as AIDS in villages back home. In September she went to India on a nine month Fulbright grant to study Indian puppetry as a tool for social change in the primitive society.  [18]   In her article Mutual respect: Re-examining puppetry in India, Anna Sobel discusses how the uneducated class in India respond to puppetry and how their behavior changes because of it. As mentioned above India has a rich cultural association with puppets and with the help of government funding educational puppetry in not a foreign concept. The puppeteers took this responsibility as a moral obligation to the public which includes adults and children.  [19]  Sobel observed that the children in the village would get up early as four in the morning to practice and recite the story of Ramayana which they performed for forty one nights straight. They took this opportunity to provide extensive commentary on healing properties of local herbs and discussed educational themes.  [20]  She further observed how puppeteers were able to adapt a show to in the local ambiance much better than what she saw at the Smithsonian, as the audience recognized the stories, songs and characters. In addi tion, the live performance of the puppetry allowed direct rapport with the audience allowing them to be involved directly, the likely hood of them to remember the message more than if they saw the program on the television for example. Live shows are more common in the rural areas in India because they do not have access to mass media, such as television or newspaper. This may be the reason why in the cities puppetry is not common anymore as media has replaced this source of entertainment. However, the Indian government has still reinforced this craft because they use this as a tool for religious education. In Pakistan Rafi Peer theater workshop(RPTW) is one organization that has revived puppetry through theater,dance,music that has provided a rich cross cultural experience to audiences in Pakistan and abroad. In a country where accessing early childhood education is close to impossible, those who attend dropout at a early stage due to financial and family issues.RPTW is a non-government organization which is doing pioneering work in the field of Arts is run by the Peerzada family. Headed by Usmaan Peerzada, Faizaan Peerzada, Saadaan Peerzada, Imran Peerzada, Tasneem Peerzada and Salman Peerzada.It has built a Museum of Puppetry. It runs the Universal Child Art Foundation, promoting child art and visual learning globally. Presently it is developing a Theatre Arts training Institute. RPTW most important milestone is the establishment of the Museum of Puppetry in 2004.Till now it has organized over 25 international performing arts festivals. Festivals are one of the most popular attractions of cultural tourism, have been a part and parcel of South Asian culture for a long time. Pakistan Children Television (PCT) can be considered a landmark when it comes to educating children who lack formal education opportunities. Through PCT they started a show called,Sim Sim Hamara, an educational series of shows for children. It is a adaptation of Sesame Street has been created by RPTW in collaboration with the Sesame Workshop, New York, and funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The project is the outcome of extensive research as it includes participants from different provinces .They worked with the government and other educational experts so that they can cater to the educational needs for the children. This TV series was set to provide high-quality early education resource for a larger audience. Their goal is to educate families and children and the fact that learning can happen in formal and non-formals means. They use examples from the real world for example reading prayers from The Holy Quran, buying vegetables from the local market, attending school, how to communicate with other people, measuring ingredients for roti as a basis for storylines and materials.

Causes of the Behavior of Transgenic Mice :: essays research papers

Selectively manipulating genes can lead to a greater understanding of molecular and cellular brain functions and behaviors. However these specific gene mutations may trigger compensatory changes that mask a phenotype or adds to it. Therefore it might be difficult to determine the specific effect of a mutation on behavior. This is especially true since a mutation may be affected by the environment or a specific genetic background. Because of this it is important to find the best way to understand and interpret behavioral data. The Morris Swimming task is a task where the animals are encouraged to find a platform in a water tank. Through careful examination it was found that there where several behavioral trends. One of them is called thigmotaxis and it refers to the mice swimming near the wall without even trying to find the platform. This has to be overcome in order to achieve the goal. If it is not overcome then the stage where the animal learns the location of the platform cannot be reached. A generalized interpretation of the mutant animal’s behavior might lead us to believe that it cannot achieve its task because of learning and memory impairment however it can be observed that the reason for its failure might be its inability to overcome its initial behavior. To verify that this is the cause of the animal’s behavior there is a technique called PCA. This technique allows researchers t o correlate specific measures of the animal’s movements with various factors such as thigmotaxis to understand the specific causes of the behavior and how the mutation affects the animals. It has been found that 50% of the source of variation of the animal’s behavior is the inability to overcome thigmotaxis and is not related to its inability to perform learning tasks. To understand the specific effects of the mutation on animals one must also be careful to eliminate genetic background and environment as affecting performance. A Meta analysis of the data for the water task has shown that both environmental and genetic effect produce sufficient variation to account for the range of almost all behavioral measures. It is hard to determine the effects of the mutation alone without it being confused with effects from other sources. It is helpful to test inbred animals where heterozygous animals are mated to produce wild-type and homozygous offspring.

Performance appraisal Essay

Performance appraisal has been one of the most-debated management practices for several decades. It has generated a wide variety of viewpoints. There are those who see performance appraisal as making an important contribution to human resource management, in that organizations require systematic information on how well employees are performing in their jobs as a key element in ensuring that human resources are used as effectively as possible. Employees at all levels experience a need to know clearly what they should be doing and what is expected of them in terms of quantity and quality of output. In addition most people want to be in a position where they can perform better next time around. A number of writers, especially during the 1970s, expressed pessimistic views about the future of performance appraisal schemes, and the assumptions on which they are based. Some have tended to write off conventional versions of performance appraisal as backward, simplistic and even counterproductive, arguing that conventional appraisal processes often lead both the manager and employee to approach the performance review with dysfunctional role stereotypes. The employee expects to hear what is wrong with his or her performance, while the manger expects to have to well the evaluation to a reluctant and possibly hostile member of staff. (Gordon Anderson 1996) In this case study, it present the issues that caused Xerox Company emerged as a result of their research. In a word, it is all about change. It is talking about the linked issues of visibility and growth, and the compelling need for a process or model to deal with the problems of increasing effectiveness in the midst of all the change. I discuss changing attitudes and HRD political relevance, and present evidence of concern for HRD effectiveness. In Xerox appraisal new system they use â€Å"Mulit-appraisal† which is 360-degree Appraisal. The limitations of conventional performance appraisal in placing considerable, and sometimes total, emphasis on the judgment of the employee’s manager have been identified and discussed by a number of  writers. A pioneering study carried out a number of years ago in Gulf Oil, and described by Stinson and Stokes (1980), highlights an alternative, multi-rater method, which overcomes a number of the deficiencies of conventional, manager-orientated appraisal. Probably the most significant development likely to influence the nature of performance appraisal in the future is the shift away from conventional appraisals undertaken typically by line managers towards the concept of 360-degree appraisal. The concept builds on multi-appraisal and refers to a situation where appraisal data is collected † all around† an employee, from his or her manager, subordinates, peers and c ustomers, internal and external. A number of factors are encouraging organizations to introduce, or to seriously consider the introduction of, 360-degree appraisal. These include: ØFlatter, less hierarchical, more flexible, team-based organization structures; ØAwareness of the limited perspective of managers; ØRecognition of the value of contributions from other sources; ØThe advantage of a range of perspectives, given the increasingly complex roles many people play in organization. In research identified the need for building and maintaining close relationships with line and staff management as essential for a successful HRD organization. It is really depend on the organization and communication processes. A wide range of methods and criteria for appraising performance is used by organizations. The various ways of measuring performance stem directly form the different components of performance. We can see in the new system of Xerox, they are: Simple ranking, using this system the appraiser is called upon to make a judgment about the general level of the performance of each employee. Based on the appraiser ranks each employee from best to worst. Alternate ranking, this process involves a number of stages. While this approach may have some advantages in determining the ratings, it suffers from the same defects as the simple ranking approach. The HRD Function In effective HRD functions, staff development is built in to the annual operating plan as a requirement. It is not only supported by management, but also seen as essential to the continued effective operation of the HRD function, and adequate funding supports it. Another one is Feedback, It tells employees, â€Å"How am I doing?† and â€Å"Where do I go from here?† How would you like to be a member of a bowling team and go bowling every week, but only get your scores once a year? Coaching is the day-to-day effort to review work, answer questions, discuss progress (or lack of it) toward meeting standards, develop skills, and provide positive guidance. Is the supervisor the only person who can provide coaching to an employee? Coworkers, other supervisors, and even customers can often be in a good position to compare the employee’s performance to established standards and then give helpful feedback. As the articles shown that the core of any organization is its staff. Without workers, who is going to do the job? How come the goal is going to achieve? How effectively an organization maintains a quality team of employees is linked to its ability to manage its staff and recognize the contributions of each player. Effective performance management systems enable an organization to objectively and systematically rate employee performance, while providing the tools necessary to take that performance level and equate it to compensation actions. Employees have always expressed the desire for open feedback regarding their performance. More and more companies are embracing the pay for performance concept and its tie to compensation. A well-executive performance management plan enables an organization to achieve critical goals: ØRecognize the efforts and contributions of current staff ØReward staff with compensation directly linked to performance ØMotivate staff to improve performance ØOrient staff towards goal achievement ØRetain key employees through the use of competitive compensation programs ØAttract quality employees with an effective performance management system A necessary condition for the effective management of performance appraisal systems in any organization is the need to clarify and communicate to all concerned the objectives which the system is intended to achieve. Typically, performance appraisal schemes are expected to serve multiple objectives. This can often be strength in that several purposes can be achieved, but I can also prove to be a disadvantage if it leads to a dissipation of effort and lack of focus. It is obviously of crucial importance, and everyone in an organization especially the key decision makers should be fully aware precisely what objectives the system of performance appraisal is expected to achieve, and the priorities within these objects. Performance appraisal should lead to the identification of the training and development needs of employees. Indeed, it can be argued that without an appraisal scheme, it would be only accidental if training and development efforts were aimed in the right direction (Anderson 1980). Performance appraisal, by providing feedback to employees on job performance, creates a basis for improvement and development. The developmental function of appraisal is concerned with improving the performance of people by identifying areas for improvement, setting performance targets for the future, and agreeing plans for follow up action. This aspect also involves developing the capacity of people through formulation plans to develop their skills and careers, and helping individuals to reconcile their job and career aspirations with opportunities available in the organization. Furthermore, there is certain amount of overlap between the evaluative and development functions, in that the evaluation of past performance will often be an important influence upon the setting of future targets. Brinkerhoff  and Kanter (1980) contend that this function is both backward looking in the sense of evaluating past performance so as to establish standards and forward looking in that the established standards serve as incentives for future performance improvement through generating peer competition and the desire to best one’s won past record. The argue further that an additional overlapping, but also overarching, purpose for performance appraisal is to ensure that managers are performing a critical management function. Managers should be paying careful attention to the assessment of the past performance of their staff against organizational requirements, and to the development of greater productivity of the human resources available. This function of performance of performance appraisal of encouraging careful and systematic approaches in assessing the performance of employees is of great importance for practicing managers, and they often recognize its value. The possible conflict between the evaluative and developmental dimensions has been much discussed in the appraisal literature. The central issue appears to be: can the manager, acting as appraiser, effectively be both judge and helper without experiencing role conflict? Since future decisions must be based, at least in part, on evaluations of previous behavior, it could be argued that this conflict is superficial rather than real, and that an effective manager should be about to cope effectively with both roles. When we looked further at the issue of growth. The Conference Board, in a study of trends in corporate education and training, found that the number of training professionals had increased in nearly two-thirds of the firms surveyed. The board cited the following as evidence of the enhanced role and status of HRD in many companies: ØManagement has become convinced that education drives the business. ØA stepchild until recently, the training function is now seen as essential to the company’s strategic goals. ØDeveloping our people is now the heart of our business strategy. ØTraining departments used to be wiped out by recessions, but few were in the recent one (Lusterman, 1985, p.2). Affecting the growth of HRD is the increase in the overall number of jobs and the shifts from sectors such as manufacturing to service organizations. Newly created jobs require new skills training and workers being displaced need retraining. In addition, more workers are coming to expect training as part of the normal job environment, and will demand it if they don’t see it. This is especially true in high technology, where employees want to stay on the leading edge-they can’t afford not to. The negative factors are: ØPossible distortion due to popularity factors influencing peers; ØPossible negative reactions towards those who irrespective of this performance, are seen as unorthodox, inclined to challenge existing practices, and therefore perceived as threatening; ØFriendship rating; ØDistortions due to fear of retaliation; ØReliance of peers on stereotypes in making evaluation. Despite the risks evident from the number of possible negative factors, peer review may well have an increasing role to play in performance appraisal systems of the future, especially in non-hierarchical, team-based organizational structures in which peers are willing to give objective evaluations of one another’s performance, and where peers interact sufficiently frequently to be able to develop an informed view of the performance of colleagues. Conclusion Appraisal of employees tasks place whether a formal appraisal system is in operation or not. In small companies, formal systems are probably unnecessary; in larger companies, a formal system goes some way towards ensuring that decisions based upon judgments of employee performance are fair and just. However, the mere installation of an appraisal scheme does not ensure that appraisals are well founded. There are a large number of human tendencies towards error that must be recognized by those conducting appraisal. This recognition and ways to overcome the problems are best achieved through training. The appraisal of performance is useless unless the results of the appraisal are translated into action. This is the purpose of the appraisal interview. It is a mechanism for feedback of information to employees, and an opportunity for employees and their superiors to sit down and plan remedial action. Appraisal interviews involving problem solving, counseling and joint objective setting are essential components of a successful appraisal scheme. REFERENCE French,W. Human Resources Management 4th Edition, Houghton Miffin co, Boston, 1998. Graham, H.T, Human Resources Management, recruitment and selection, Britain ,1983. Leslie W. Rue, Ph.D., Lioyd L. Byors, Ph.D, Management skills and Application recruitment and selection, Australia,1997. Pearson, R., The Human Resources , Managing people and work, Australia, 1990. Kramar, R, Mcgraw, P& Schuler, R. S., Human Resources Management in Australia. Longman. South Melbourne, 1997. Parry, K. W., Smith, D., Human Resources Management. USQ Press. Queensland, 1998. Dessler, Griffiths, Lloyd- Walker, Williams, Human Resources Management, Prentice Hall, Australia, 1999.

Ice cream lab report essays

Ice cream lab report essays This experiment was about finding the fat content and molecules in foods that were chosen from our campus caf. The experiment concentrated mainly on macronutrients, which are the major sources for energy and include carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Lipids are needed for the formation of cell membranes, and proteins are needed as enzymes, receptors, and membrane transporters. Molecules may be either polar and stable in water or non-polar and avoid water. Also, in this experiment, micronutrients were involved and are used in the body for overall health and include vitamins and minerals. The procedures for this experiment were as follows: 1. Before entering the lab, students were asked to bring a food source into the lab from the caf to use for the experiment. Some foods were pre-prepared by Dr. Knight such as our food source, ice cream. Dr. Knight had already collected the food from the caf, weighed the food before any extractions or drying, and then put the food into a drying oven to prepare it for our lab. Our group then chose ice cream to conduct our experiment. 2. Our group then scraped out 8.00g of the dried ice cream to use to extract fat and oils into a mortar and pestle. Our group used to mortar and pestle to grind up the portion of the ice cream into a very fine substance. The sample of ice cream was then placed into a coffee filter and funnel and ether was used to wash what oils and fats we could away. This washing was done 3 times to ensure that all the oils and fats were removed. 3. After the washing was complete, the glass rod and mortar and pestle had some of the ice cream still left on it. To ensure that our calculations would be as accurate as possible, we then weighed the mortar and pestle and glass rod before cleaning and also weighed them after cleaning and used the difference to add to our sample. An empty coffee filter ...

Why Funding for Art Education is too Low essays

Why Funding for Art Education is too Low essays Why Funding for Art Education is too Low Many public schools have significantly reduced or completely cut funding for art education programs. Officials at state or city levels may feel the need for art education is not as significant as the need for more academic based programs like mathematics, history and science. Officials see art education as something that is impeding on their student's academic careers, rather than helping them flourish. Many who argue against funding arts education need to take a closer look at what art education does for a child. At a School Board meeting, Mr. Whyte (1996) first heard an argument against art education in schools: A well-dressed, well-spoken woman stood to complain that children graduating from schools were inadequately prepared to take their places in an ever more demanding labour market. Too many resources and too much instruction time, she maintained, were wasted on frills like music. Not enough attention was being paid to math and the sciences, computers, and technology, which she cited as the future keys to employability (p.13). The emphasis on academics is indeed important. Preparing students in certain subjects helps them achieve the standards set by school or government officials. Standardized testing has become the "golden rule" of school systems in the curriculum taught. Children are required to learn the curriculum and pass these tests in order to meet the standard of knowledge, or even to graduate. By funding these teaching methods and standardized tests, schools become accredited and therefore eligible to receive more funding for the school. The "real world" is not always composed of multiple choice questions, and rarely is there a certain right or wrong answer. Students who participate in art programs apply acquired thinking skills learned through art, to exceed in standardized testing as well as many other subjects in school, and life practices in genera...

Maritime Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Maritime Economics - Essay Example h is to provide rapid customer response, location of services are convenient for access, and utilize up to date information technology to improving service operations (Osler 2012). The paper also intends to analyze longevity of technology based on competitive advantage and their importance and view of how to improve the competitiveness. 3 Maritime economics involves the integration of ocean transport and terminal management. The main goal is to provide an in-depth analysis of logistics services. A keen interest is on the way the logistics and maritime time related to economics which brings about the ocean transport business. It revolves around the focusing on the joint optimization of container terminals and liner shipping networks (Blecker & Kersten 2011). 4 Logistics in many contexts involves the delivery f goods and services with proper quality and quantity. Logistics depends on timely delivery and the destination of delivery. The most notable aspect of logistic is promptness of delivery because delay of any kind causes significant losses to the recipient of the consignment. Logistics traditionally depended on transportation only. Nowadays, it depends on reliable roads, and record keeping improved by higher technology, globalization, legislation, and integration. The logistics management comprises of material management, channel management, physical distribution, and it is pert of the whole supply chain management. Movement of goods is not the only logistics activities; it involves stock control in the warehousing systems and the movement of goods in the storage units (Martin 2009). Logistics forms a crucial area in supply chain and brings issues like planning, implementation, and effective management. 4 Many immerse growth activities realized in the logistics sector especially in the emerging economies. This shows a better future with third party providers. This growth realized in the area of logistics largely coming from third party providers such as

Humans Create Powerful Symbols - Hornbill Figure Essay

Humans Create Powerful Symbols - Hornbill Figure - Essay Example They also believed this entity allowed energy flow from one being to the next in a cyclic process. This connection between mankind and the rest of all living things inspired men to associate the image of nature to the theory of the existence of a higher being with supreme powers. These connections could be either supernatural or spiritual. This symbolic connection has been passed down through numerous generations throughout history. Different cultures and religions use the symbolism in the ways that are adapted to suit their beliefs. The specially skilled Ibans of Sarawak, whom are known for their carvings include an exclusively designed hornbill figure. This is an example of the combination of religion, nature, and art. The ‘Hornbill Figure,' known as 'Kenyalang,' has essentially been the chief subject of interest among the Iban carvers of Sarawak, Malaysia (Davenport). It was between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries that the Iban people began to show their culture by sc ulpting images of the hornbill. This also become a very important part of sacred ceremonies conducted by the Iban community. With a standard length of over 33 feet, the Hornbill Figure is traditionally created using wood, paint, cotton thread, plant, and wool materials and textiles. At the Fowler Museum, a person can take in the details of the art form of the hornbill sculpture. Its sharply pointed bill draws a huge curve and the painting on the body uses various strokes and pigments portraying how colorful the Iban festivals and culture are. Hornbill carvings are recognized as an art form but also is an indicator of the way of life of the Iban people. The unique portrayal of the carvings are associated with Iban’s greatest festive celebrations with religious rituals (Davenport). The Hornbill Figure typically is a special embodiment of a bird believed to possess knowledge and wisdom. Aside from bringing a prophecy to which Iban communities deeply relied on in the past, it is also considered a fundamental medium. This allowed for the blending of a spiritual dimension with the world of humans so they may possibly pass on their freedom to interact with spirits and supernatural beings for many reasons (Davenport). To achieve victory during war, the hornbill symbol and faith in its image was believed in to help aid in obtaining extraordinary power to intimidate and eventually subdue enemies. In particular, the custom of Iban’s Gawai Kenyalang had such strong meaning that it was used for the purpose of reaching success in raiding and headhunting (trophy-taking). During this, the heads taken from the enemies were claimed to have powers that could potentially add to the overall strength or invincibility of the victorious community (Davenport). Looking at the figure of the hornbill and evaluating the different features, one can feel the depth of the strong Malaysian history and culture. There is an aesthetic feeling that is brought out in its design that is highly representative of the culture of its people. Regardless of the complex processes of politics and the changes of culture for the Iban people through history that has impacted their lifestyles in several ways, the Ibans still believe in the hornbill image. The carved figure of the bird reflects the symbolism of courage and power of the Iban people. The artist takes the approach of providing exquisite carving as well as adding vibrant colors. The bird's eyes contain an intense yet subtle look. Unlike other icons of religion, the Hornbill Figure is more influential than many other types of symbols. This in turn makes the believers in its powers very strong. As the making of hornbill images increased

Viral Marketing of FMCG Using Social Media Essay

Viral Marketing of FMCG Using Social Media - Essay Example Another important area of this study will be primary research. According to me primary research will play an important role in this study. Viral marketing is a new dimension of marketing and there is less number of companies which have actually made use of this marketing tool. Moreover, directly receiving the feedbacks from the companies which employs viral marketing technique to improve business process will help to address the questions in a better way. Hence, I have decided to conduct a primary research with the help of questionnaire and semi structured interview. For this reason I have decided to visit an FMCG company which is already using viral marketing to promote their goods. After a handful of research I found there are very less number of FMCG companies which has already makes use of viral marketing techniques, however companies such as P & g and Unilever uses it to some extent. Hence, for this study I will select Unilever to assess the importance of viral marketing for FMC G business (Lowell, 2012). I have decided to personally visit the company to record the feedbacks of the respondents. In order to reach the respondents I will seek assistance from some qualified person who has prior experience of the FMCG industry. The respondents of my study will be the marketing managers of Unilever. It is believed that the marketing managers will be able to provide information pertaining to the effectiveness of viral marketing for their company. The total sample size for this activity will be 10 and the data collection instrument will be semi structured interview. However, I also believe that viral marketing is a topic which is also related with information technology. Hence, I have decided to approach...After a handful of research I found there are very less number of FMCG companies which has already makes use of viral marketing techniques, however companies such as P & g and Unilever uses it to some extent. Hence, for this study I will select Unilever to assess the importance of viral marketing for FMCG business (Lowell, 2012). I have decided to personally visit the company to record the feedbacks of the respondents. In order to reach the respondents I will seek assistance from some qualified person who has prior experience of the FMCG industry. The respondents of my study will be the marketing managers of Unilever. It is believed that the marketing managers will be able to provide information pertaining to the effectiveness of viral marketing for their company. The total sample size for this activity will be 10 and the data collection instrument will be semi structured interview. However, I also believe that viral marketing is a topic which is also related with information technology. Hence, I have decided to approach the IT team of Unilever, to get further information about the area of concern. The IT department will be mainly approached to know about the technicalities and cost associated with viral marketing. On the basis of the findings a feasibility analysis of viral marketing technique will be carried out. The total sample size will be 10 and the data collection instrument will be questionnaire. Finally, on the basis of the findings I will draw a conclusion by addressing the research question.

Montage and New Wave Film Essay Example for Free

Montage and New Wave Film Essay The differences between soviet montage and French new wave cinema are interesting and many. Both genres of film seek to create contrast between adjacent shots via discontinuity editing, but subtle differences in their editing styles allow this contrast to produce very different results. In French new wave editing is used to both draw the audience in, and push them away, it draws the audiences attention and inspires distaste. Soviet montage on the other hand uses editing not as a method of controlling the audiences focus, but as a way to create ideas. An analysis of the editing in the Godards â€Å"Breathless† and Eisensteins â€Å"Battleship Potemkin† will highlight these different effects. In â€Å"Breathless†, the first use of editing to keep the audiences attention is in the scene where Micheal shoots the cop. In this scene Goddard makes use of editing to twist and distort time. The audience hears the cop tell Micheal â€Å"Stop, or ill kill you† in a calm voice at nearly the same time that Micheal cocks the gun. Immediately thereafter we jump cut to Micheal firing the gun and jump cut again to the police office falling to the ground as he is shot. From a narrative point of view it is understood that these events do not take place so close to each other. The events happen in much too quick a succession to mimic reality. The jump cuts elapse time in an odd uncomfortable manner. It can be argued that this is jarring, and distasteful, but it is exactly this jarring and distaste that makes this scene so fascinating. Rushing through the event which is clearly the inciting action of the film (flying in the face of CHC) yields a certain fascination with this scene that typical CHC could not hope to match. An effect similar to the one described above is present in the scene where Micheal and Patricia track down Micheals money in the taxi. This exemplifies the use of new wave editing to focus the audiences attention on the visual. In this scene, the visual difference between shots is minimal. If one were to imagine it without the jump cuts it would be long and monolithic but the prolific use of jump cuts counters this would-be-dullness. Once again the jump cuts elapse time and quickens the pace of the scene artificially. The audience hears Micheal barking orders at the drive in succession that is faster that he speaks in the story, and they understand that this artificial fast precisely because of the jump cuts and he obviousness in which they are presented. In this way Goddard is able to present a potentially long and dull car ride in the story much faster in the plot. Unlike the previously discussed scene, this scene does not quicken the pace past the point of comfort, it is intentionally fast paced and helps to excite the audience. First lets take the Odessa Steps scene from â€Å"Battleship Potemkin†. This scene feels almost as if it is a CHC film. Shots are spliced together smoothly and invisibly. The audience is never jarred by

Niels Bohrs Model Of The Hydrogen Atom :: essays research papers

Niels Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom, was the primary reason for the understanding of energy levels.Bohr was able to explain the bright line spectrum of hydrogen. Sparked by the recent discovery of the diffraction patterns, scientists believed electrons could be described as waves. Bohr hypothesized that energy is being added to the hydrogen gas in the electricity form, and then leaving the gas in the form of light. He figured the light rays to be quantized, meaning only certain frequencies of the light rays can be seen. In turn, he reasoned that the hydrogen atoms themselves were quantized and, that they only can exist in certain energy levels. When the atoms absorb specific amounts of energy, they exist for a small period of time in higher energy levels. But as soon as these atoms lose their energy, they move back down to the lower levels of energy. His theory went on to state how the hydrogen atom can move up and down the energy levels, one level at a time, and can never stop in between. Every hydrogen atom is made up of a single electron - proton system. Because the negative electron is attracted to the positive proton, potential energy is created inside the atom.He figured that the farther away the electron is from the proton, the greater the potential energy is inside. In conclusion, since hydrogen atoms emit light energy in specific frequencies, the hydrogen atom must be within a specific energy level and nothing else. The different wavelengths help to determine the different colors emitted from the atom. The greater the wavelength, the faster the atom can be filled and jump to a higher level.Bohr developed his theory after studying the work of Einstein's ideas on the photons of energy.